Richardson v. State
| Decision Date | 10 July 1985 |
| Docket Number | BC-72,Nos. BC-71,s. BC-71 |
| Parties | 10 Fla. L. Weekly 1712 Luke RICHARDSON, Appellant, v. STATE of Florida, Appellee. |
| Court | Florida District Court of Appeals |
Carl S. McGinnes, Asst. Public Defender, Tallahassee, for appellant.
John W. Tiedemann, Asst. Atty. Gen., Tallahassee, for appellee.
Appellant pled guilty to sale of cocaine and escape. The offenses occurred on February 2, 1984, and March 10, 1984, respectively. Prior to sentencing, Rule 3.701(d)(3) of the guidelines was amended, effective July 1, 1984, 1 and the amended version of the rule has a disadvantageous effect on the length of appellant's sentence. Utilizing two scoresheets and applying the newly amended guidelines, the trial court imposed a sentence of thirty months for sale of cocaine, and a consecutive sentence of eighteen months for escape. He erred in both respects. We reverse and remand for resentencing in accordance with the guidelines in effect on the date of appellant's offenses.
Prior to July 1, 1984, Rule 3.701(d)(3) provided:
(3) "Primary offense" is defined as the most serious offense at conviction. In the case of multiple offenses, the primary offense is determined on the basis of the following:
(a) The offense with the highest statutory degree, in the order of life felony, first-degree felony punishable by life, first-degree, second-degree, and third-degree felonies; and
(b) In the event of two (2) or more offenses at the same degree, by the lowest numerical offense category.
Effective July 1, 1984, Rule 3.701(d)(3) was amended to read as follows:
(3) "Primary offense" is defined as the most serious offense at conviction. In the case of multiple offenses, the primary offense is determined in the following manner:
(a) A separate guidelines scoresheet shall be prepared scoring each offense at conviction as the "primary offense at conviction" with the other offenses at conviction scored as "additional offenses at conviction."
(b) The guidelines scoresheet which recommends the most severe sentence range shall be the scoresheet to be utilized by the sentencing judge pursuant to these guidelines.
Under the old rule and the amended rule, Rule 3.701(d)(1) provides that one guidelines scoresheet should be prepared for each defendant covering all offenses pending before the court for sentencing.
Two guidelines scoresheets were prepared in this case. For the sale of cocaine conviction, which is a category 7 (drugs) offense, appellant received 109 points for a recommended sentence of community control or 12-30 months. For his escape conviction, which is a category 9 offense, appellant had a total of 187 points for a recommended range of 5 1/5 to 7 years in prison. Sale of cocaine and escape are both second-degree felonies.
Appellant's counsel argued below that only one guidelines scoresheet should be used, and that scoresheet should be the one pertaining to appellant's drug conviction which recommended a sentencing range of community control or 12-30 months incarceration. In that vein, appellant's counsel argued that Rule 3.701(d)(3) in effect prior to July 1, 1984, was the applicable rule and that the primary offense is the drug conviction since it is a category 7 offense which is lower numerically than the escape offense which is a category 9 offense. The trial court ruled that it would not be an ex post facto violation to apply the newly amended Rule 3.701(d)(3) and sentenced appellant as stated above.
Appellant argues on appeal that application of the amended sentencing guidelines to his sentence violated the prohibition against ex post facto laws contained in Article I, Sections 9 and 10, United States Constitution. We agree. The amended guidelines expose appellant to a greater penalty than the guidelines in effect on the date of his offenses and thus application of the guidelines would be ex post facto and unconstitutional. Lee v. State, 294 So.2d 305 (Fla.1974). Under the prior rule the primary offense is the drug conviction which has a shorter recommended range (12-30 months) than the escape conviction (5 1/2-7 years), which is the primary offense under the amended rule. We note the fundamental principle of ex post facto jurisprudence that a court entertaining an ex post facto claim must focus upon the law in effect at the time of the offense for which the person is being punished not the law in effect on the date of sentencing. United States ex rel. Forman v. McCall, 709 F.2d 852, 856 (3rd Cir.1983). Accordingly, we join with our sister courts in Mott v. State, 469 So.2d 946 (Fla. 5th DCA 1985), and Miller v. State, 468 So.2d 1018 (Fla. 4th DCA 1985), in holding that a disadvantageous guidelines change may not be applied to a defendant's crimes committed before the effective date of the change, and we remand for resentencing in accordance with the sentencing guidelines in effect at the time the offenses were committed.
This holding is consistent with prior decisions of this court which have held that the amended guidelines may not be applied retroactively. Barnes v. State, 461 So.2d 216 (Fla. 1st DCA 1984); Saunders v. State, 459 So.2d 1119 (Fla. 1st DCA 1984); Walker v. State, 458 So.2d 396 (Fla. 1st DCA 1984); Randolph v. State, 458 So.2d 64 (Fla. 1st DCA 1984); Roux v. State, 455 So.2d 495 (Fla. 1st DCA 1984); and Jackson v. State, 454 So.2d 691 (Fla. 1st DCA 1984). 2
To the extent that these decisions might arguably suggest that the guidelines in effect at the time of sentencing are applicable, a brief explanation is necessary. In Jackson, the first decision of this court to hold that a guidelines amendment may not be applied retroactively, the defendant committed his offense prior to the effective date of the guidelines, but he was sentenced subsequent to the effective date of the guidelines and he elected to be sentenced pursuant to the guidelines. While Jackson's...
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...the law as it stood unaffected by the statute. See Randolph v. State, 458 So.2d 64 (Fla. 1st DCA 1984); see also Richardson v. State, 472 So.2d 1278 (Fla. 1st DCA 1985). As established in Albritton v. State, 476 So.2d 158, 160 (Fla.1985), this rule requires us to review the extent of the de......
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...their effective date offends the provisions of the United States Constitution which forbid ex post facto laws. See Richardson v. State, 472 So.2d 1278 (Fla. 1st DCA 1985), which so holds with respect to the identical July 1, 1984 guidelines We reject this contention and affirm the sentence ......
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Wilkerson v. State
...amendment may not be applied when a defendant's crimes were committed before the effective date of the change. In Richardson v. State, 472 So.2d 1278 (Fla. 1st DCA 1985), the court The amended guidelines expose appellant to a greater penalty than the guidelines in effect on the date of his ......