Richardson v. State

• Citation: 23 Ariz. 98,201 P. 845
• Decision Date: 16 November 1921
• Docket Number: Criminal 515
• Parties: S. G. RICHARDSON, Appellant, v. STATE, Respondent
• Court: Supreme Court of Arizona

201 P. 845

23 Ariz. 98

S. G. RICHARDSON, Appellant, v. STATE, Respondent

Criminal No. 515

Supreme Court of Arizona

November 16, 1921

APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of the County of Yuma. Fred L. Ingraham, Judge. Affirmed.

Mr Glenn Copple and Mr. K. F. Miller Hinds, for Appellant.

Mr. W J. Galbraith, Attorney General, for the State.

OPINION

ROSS, C. J.

The defendant appeals from a judgment of conviction of the charge of manufacturing intoxicating liquor. In the information it was alleged that the defendant (omitting unnecessary allegations) "did then and there wilfully and unlawfully manufacture one (1) quart of intoxicating liquor, the kind of which is to the county attorney unknown," etc.

The defendant attacked the information by motion to quash it on the grounds:

(1) That his true name was S. G. Richardson, and not S. H Richardson, as set out in the information.

(2) That he had been arrested and imprisoned several weeks without a warrant having been issued or any order of commitment.

(3) That he had not been given a preliminary hearing.

(4) That the information was not based upon a verified complaint.

(5) That the names of witnesses were not indorsed on the information.

This motion was denied. Defendant thereupon demurred to the information upon the grounds:

(1) That the acts constituting the offense in ordinary and concise language were not stated.

(2) That the information did not state any acts which would constitute a public offense.

The demurrer was overruled.

The rulings of the court upon the motion to vacate and set aside the information and on the demurrer are assigned as errors.

The motion to quash is without merit. It seems that as soon as defendant's true name was learned "the subsequent proceedings" were had in that name, as provided in section 937 of the Penal Code.

The second ground of motion is not one of the statutory grounds, as provided in section 972, Penal Code, to vacate and set aside an information. If defendant was illegally restrained of his liberty as he asserts, he doubtless would have been discharged in a proper proceeding, had he instituted such, but we do not understand the law to be that a person informed against for crime may have the information set aside because he was arrested without a warrant or imprisoned without commitment.

That a preliminary trial is not necessary in misdemeanor cases is well settled by the decisions of this court. Cummings v. State, 20 Ariz. 176, 178 P. 776.

We have no law requiring the verification of the information, or that the same shall be based upon a verified complaint in misdemeanor cases.

It is not made necessary by the Penal Code to indorse the names of the witnesses upon the information whatever may be required by the laws of other states.

The point raised by the demurrer is that the information does not negative that the intoxicating liquor alleged to have been manufactured was not denatured alcohol; the contention being that it should so allege.

The Constitution makes it a misdemeanor for a person to manufacture any ardent spirits, ale, beer, wine or intoxicating liquor of any kind, except denatured alcohol. Section 1, art. 23, Amendment to Const. Laws 1915, Appendix, page 1.

"It is necessary to negative an exception or proviso contained in a statute defining an offense where it forms a portion of the description of the offense, so that the ingredients thereof cannot be accurately and definitely stated if the exception is omitted. Where, however, the exception or proviso is separable from the description and is not an ingredient thereof, it need not be noticed in the accusation, being a matter of defense." 22 Cyc. 344; 14 R.C.L. 188, sec. 34.

The thing forbidden by the Constitution is the manufacture of all kinds of beverages, those specially named, as well as all others that intoxicate. The exception, denatured alcohol, is not a beverage, but a poison. It is from its very nature disassociated from the list and kind of drinks proscribed. It is different in name, quality, and uses. We conclude the exception is clearly separable from the clause of the Constitution defining the offense of manufacturing intoxicating liquor, and is not descriptive of nor an ingredient of such offense, and therefore it was not necessary to negative such exception in the information. State v. Crawford, 21 Ariz. 501, 190 P. 422.

The refusal of the court to grant defendant's motion for directed verdict is assigned as error. Defendant asserts that there was no evidence, either direct or circumstantial, that he ever manufactured any intoxicating liquor, or that the liquor found in his possession was manufactured in Yuma county. On this point the evidence shows that --

In or near the center of a 160-acre tract of land, owned by one Tyrus N. Havener, was "a large pile of wood, posts, and other material which had been piled up higher than a man's head, and in a circular form, inclosing an area large enough for occupation; and that inside this inclosure defendant was living; and that at the time of his arrest besides his bed and personal effects there was found at this place a still for distilling liquor, and barrels and bottles of intoxicating liquor which apparently had been manufactured at that place."

At the time of defendant's arrest the officer said to him "Shortly, we got you with the goods," to which he answered, "I guess you have." It was also...