Ridgeway v. State

• Decision Date: 18 October 1971
• Docket Number: No. 5628,5628
• Citation: 251 Ark. 157,472 S.W.2d 108
• Parties: James Hugh RIDGEWAY, Appellant, v. STATE of Arkansas, Appellee.
• Court: Arkansas Supreme Court

Page 108

472 S.W.2d 108

251 Ark. 157

James Hugh RIDGEWAY, Appellant, v. STATE of Arkansas, Appellee.

No. 5628.

Supreme Court of Arkansas.

Oct. 18, 1971.

Rehearing Denied Nov. 22, 1971.

Kenneth Coffelt, Little Rock, for appellant.

Ray Thornton, Atty. Gen., John D. Bridgforth, Asst. Atty. Gen., Little Rock, for appellee.

GEORGE ROSE SMITH, Justice.

The appellant was convicted of assault with intent to kill and was sentenced, as a habitual offender, to imprisonment for 21 years. His contentions for reversal may be grouped together as two separate points.

First, the information, in charging an assault with the intent to kill Gene Ray Cannon, asserted that the assault had been made with a deadly weapon, namely, a knife. The State's proof, however, was that Ridgeway shot Cannon twice with a pistol and that it was a co-assailant, Butch Vaughn, who cut Cannon with a knife. The appellant, citing Clemons v. State, 150 Ark. 425, 234 S.W. 475 (1921), and similar cases, insists that there was a fatal variance, entitling him to a directed verdict in the court below.

That argument is not sound. In the Clemons case the indictment charged that the accused stole two cows belonging to George Carlson, but the proof was that the accused stole a steer belonging to Carlson. We held that the offense proved was not the offense charged. Similarly, we found a fatal variance between an indictment charging the theft of 'one cow, the property of Joe Randolph,' and proof showing the theft of one cow belonging to Mrs. F. S. Randolph. Von Tonglin v. State, 200 Ark. 1142, 143 S.W.2d 185 (1940). The distinguishing fact in such cases is that two essentially different crimes are involved.

Here the only crime charged was assault with the intent to kill Gene Ray Cannon. It was not necessary for the information to include a statement of the act constituting the offense. Ark.Stat.Ann. § 43--1006 (Repl.1964); Cluck v. State, 192 Ark. 1036, 96 S.W.2d 489 (1936). If the appellant's present objection had been made in the trial court, the prosecution would have been entitled to amend the information, since an amendment describing the deadly weapon as a pistol instead of a knife would not have changed the nature of the crime or its degree. Ark.Stat.Ann. § 43--1024; Lee v. State, 229 Ark. 354, 315 S.W.2d 916 (1958); Tate v. State, 204 Ark. 470, 163 S.W.2d 150 (1942). The appellant, however, made no objection in the trial court to the variance between the information and the proof, nor did he plead surprise. In fact, his only possible reference to the matter was his motion for a directed verdict at the close of the State's case. No reason was assigned for the motion, and as we have seen, if the present objection had been made the defect in the information could readily have been corrected by amendment. We find no erorr.

Secondly, the appellant questions the validity of our habitual-criminal statutes and the manner in which they were applied in this case. The constitutionality of such acts has long been sustained. Ferguson v. State, 249 Ark. ---, 458 S.W.2d 383 (1970). Such statutes are not regarded as ex post facto laws, because the increased penalty is considered to be imposed only as punishment for the offense on trial, not for the earlier ones.

In the case at bar the information charged Ridgeway as a habitual offender who had committed nine other felonies. At the close of all the proof the court submitted to the jury the...