Rogers v. State
| Citation | 105 Nev. 230,773 P.2d 1226 |
| Decision Date | 18 May 1989 |
| Docket Number | No. 17974,17974 |
| Parties | Nicky Dean ROGERS, Appellant, v. The STATE of Nevada, Respondent. |
| Court | Supreme Court of Nevada |
Terri Steik Roeser, State Public Defender, Robert Morris, Deputy Public Defender and Michael K. Powell, Chief Appellate Deputy State Public Defender, Carson City, for appellant.
Brian McKay, Atty. Gen., Carson City, William G. Rogers, Dist. Atty., and James N. Varner, Deputy Dist. Atty., Yerington, for respondent.
Just before 2:00 a.m., May 4, 1986, two Lyon County Sheriff's officers drove past a silver Camaro parked on the edge of Highway 50, in the west-bound lane. The Camaro was parked in the emergency lane, which was apparently about two feet wide, such that the car extended approximately one foot into the normal traffic lane.
The officers returned to examine the vehicle. The engine was running, the transmission apparently in neutral or park. Reserve Officer Kidd noticed that the headlights were on. The only occupant was sleeping, slumped over the steering wheel. Officer McKibben knocked on the window to get the driver's attention, but he did not respond. McKibben then opened the door and identified himself. Rogers awakened and asked "What?" Rogers told the officers he had stopped to sleep.
Rogers then closed the door, revved the engine, and began turning the steering wheel. McKibben again opened the door and asked Rogers to step out and perform a field sobriety test, i.e., recite the alphabet, perform a finger count, and do a finger-to-nose test. Rogers successfully recited the alphabet. He had difficulty, however, with the finger count. 1 On the finger-to-nose test, Rogers correctly touched the tip of his nose with his right hand, but touched the side of his nose with his left. McKibben testified that, although Rogers did not appear unkempt, his speech was slurred and his breath smelled of alcohol.
McKibben then arrested Rogers for driving under the influence and took him for a blood test. His blood, drawn about two hours after the arrest, reflected an alcohol level of 0.1014%.
A jury convicted Rogers of violating NRS 484.379, his third such conviction. He was sentenced to four years and fined $2,000. Rogers appeals.
This case presents one important issue for our consideration. NRS 484.379(1) provides:
It is unlawful for any person who:
(a) Is under the influence of intoxicating liquor; or
(b) Has 0.10 percent or more by weight of alcohol in his blood, to drive or be in actual physical control of a vehicle on a highway or on premises to which the public has access.
As Rogers was not driving at the time he was apprehended, the issue that must be decided is whether he was in "actual physical control" of the Camaro.
NRS 484.379 proscribes both driving and being in actual physical control of a vehicle while under the influence. Accordingly, we must assume that the statute does not contain a redundant phrase, but rather includes the term "actual physical control" to encompass activity broader than or different from driving a vehicle. Moreover, use of the disjunctive "or" between the term "drive" and the term "be in actual physical control" suggests that the two terms have different meanings. See State v. Webb, 78 Ariz. 8, 274 P.2d 338, 339 (1954); People v. Pomeroy, 419 Mich. 441, 355 N.W.2d 98, 102 (1984) (Levin J., dissenting); Parker v. State, 424 P.2d 997, 1000 (Okla.Crim.App.1967). Obviously, the objective in requiring the arrest of those who are not driving but who are in actual physical control of a vehicle, is to prevent and discourage persons from placing themselves in control of a vehicle where they may commence or recommence driving while in an intoxicated state, notwithstanding the fact that they are not actually driving at the time apprehended.
Many courts have considered the issue of what constitutes actual physical control of a motor vehicle. See generally, Annotation, What Constitutes Driving, Operating, or Being in Control of Motor Vehicle for Purposes of Driving While Intoxicated Statute or Ordinance, 93 A.L.R.3d 7 (1979). These courts have articulated several definitions of actual physical control; 2 and courts facing situations very similar to the instant case have decided differently. Compare Kirby v. State, Dept. of Public Safety, 262 N.W.2d 49 (S.D.1978) () with People v. Pomeroy, 419 Mich. 441, 355 N.W.2d 98 (1984) (). Not surprisingly, defense counsel and the State have cited language and logic from those cases supporting their respective positions.
After consideration of the many cases discussing the concept of actual physical control, the parties' briefs, and oral argument, we conclude that a person is in actual physical control when the person has existing or present bodily restraint, directing influence, domination, or regulation of the vehicle. 3 In deciding whether someone has existing or present bodily restraint, directing influence, domination, or regulation of a vehicle, the trier of fact must weigh a number of considerations, including where, and in what position, the person is found in the vehicle; whether the vehicle's engine is running or not; whether the occupant is awake or asleep; 4 whether, if the person is apprehended at night, the vehicle's lights are on; the location of the vehicle's keys; whether the person was trying to move the vehicle or moved the vehicle; whether the property on which the vehicle is located is public or private; and whether the person must, of necessity, have driven to the location where apprehended. 5
Applying these considerations to the case at hand, we conclude that the jury correctly found, under NRS 484.379, that Rogers was regulating, dominating, directing and influencing the car he was in. Rogers was found parked on a public highway, partially in a traffic lane, and not on private property. He apparently drove the car to that location. When apprehended, the car's engine was running and its lights were on. Rogers, though asleep and slumped over, was seated in the driver's position, directly behind the steering wheel. In this situation, Rogers could have easily resumed driving; indeed, he took measures apparently designed for doing so. Accordingly, we conclude that Rogers was, under NRS 484.379(1...
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Koiro v. Las Vegas Metro. Police Dep't
...means “existing or present bodily restraint, directing influence, domination, or regulation of the vehicle.” Rogers v. State, 105 Nev. 230, 773 P.2d 1226, 1228 (1989). This determination requires the weighing of several considerations, including:[W]here, and in what position, the person is ......
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Barnier v. State
...whether he was in actual physical control of the vehicle within the meaning of NRS 484.379 and our decisional law interpreting it. In Rogers v. State, we concluded that a person, although not driving, is in "actual physical control" of a vehicle when "[he] has existing or present bodily res......
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State v. Moran
...person has existing or present bodily restraint, directing influence, domination, or regulation of the vehicle.” Rogers v. State, 105 Nev. 230, 773 P.2d 1226, 1228 (1989). Determining whether a person exercised such influence or dominion, in turn, requires the trier of fact to consider and ......
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McCurdy v. State, 61216
...of alcohol. See NRS 484A.185 (defining "premises to which the public has access"); NRS 484C.110(1)(c); Rogers v. State, 105 Nev. 230, 233-34, 773 P.2d 1226, 1228 (1989) (identifying factors to be weighed when deciding whether someone has actual physical control of a vehicle). It is for the ......
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...v. State , 67 P.3d 320 (Nev. 2003) (defense counsel requested special jury instruction that stated verbatim factors in Rogers v. State , 105 Nev. 230, 773 P.2d 1226 (1989), including (1) where and what position the person is found in the vehicle; (2) whether the vehicle’s engine is running ......