Roshelli v. Sperry

• Decision Date: 18 May 1982
• Docket Number: No. 8115SC776,8115SC776
• Citation: 291 S.E.2d 355,57 N.C.App. 305
• Court: North Carolina Court of Appeals
• Parties: Louis F. ROSHELLI v. Lawrence F. SPERRY.

Page 355

291 S.E.2d 355

57 N.C.App. 305

Louis F. ROSHELLI v. Lawrence F. SPERRY.

No. 8115SC776.

Court of Appeals of North Carolina.

May 18, 1982.

Tuggle, Duggins, Meschan, Thornton & Elrod by Joseph E. Elrod, III, and Joseph F. Brotherton, Greensboro, for defendant-appellant.

CLARK, Judge.

The issue underlying the ultimate determination of whether the trial court erred in denying the defendant's motion to dismiss is whether this action was commenced and, if so, when.

Under G.S. 1A-1, Rule 3, a civil action is commenced by filing a complaint with the court. Rule 4(a) provides, in pertinent part: "Upon the filing of the complaint, summons shall be issued forthwith, and in any event within five days." The North Carolina Rules of Civil Procedure are modeled after the Federal Rules and are numbered to correspond to them. Federal Rule 4 provides, in part, that "Upon the filing of the complaint the clerk shall forthwith issue a summons ...." Federal Rule 4 contains no express sanction for failure to issue the summons "forthwith." The federal circuits are split on the meaning of the word "forthwith" and what sanctions, if any, are imposed by the courts where there is a delay in issuing summons after the filing of the complaint. See Ingram v. Kumar, 585 F.2d 566 (2d Cir. 1978), cert. denied, 440 U.S. 940, 99 S.Ct. 1289, 59 L.Ed.2d 499 (1979); 4 Wright & Miller, Federal Practice and Procedure § 1086 (1969). The different and discretionary application of Rule 4 by the federal courts probably contributed to the addition, after the word "forthwith," of the words "and in any event within five days ..." to North Carolina Rule 4. The purpose for this added provision, and the legislative intent as reflected in the Comment following Rule 4 in the General Statutes, was to establish an outer limit of five days after filing the complaint for issuance of summons.

W. Shuford, N.C. Civil Practice and Procedure § 3-7 (2d ed. 1981) makes the following unsupported comment:

"There is no assurance, however, that the action has been irrevocably commenced until both the complaint has been filed and the summons issued. While the action may be commenced by obtaining issuance of the summons, it will abate if the complaint is not filed within the period of time extended by the clerk's order. Also, where the filing of the complaint marks the commencement of the action, the summons, under Rule 4, must be issued within five days to keep the action from being discontinued under Rule 41(b). Lack of diligence in obtaining service of the summons may also result in a discontinuance under Rule 4(e) if the process is not kept alive by endorsement or the issuance of alias or pluries summons."

In the case sub judice the first summons was issued on 27 March 1981, the same date of the filing of the complaint, for service on Beverly N. Sperry, who was not a party defendant. The only party defendant was Lawrence F. Sperry. It appears from the complaint that Lawrence F. Sperry was the owner, and his daughter Beverly N. Sperry was the operator, of the family-purpose automobile involved in a collision with an automobile operated by plaintiff. Thus, the name of Beverly F. Sperry in the summons was not a "misnomer," but a new and different person and party. The summons was served on her and not the defendant. This summons obviously did not comply with the requirement of Rule 4(b) that "It shall be directed to the defendant ...." It is generally held that process must be issued and served in the manner prescribed by statute, and failure to do so makes the service invalid even though a defendant had actual notice of the lawsuit. Guthrie v. Ray, 293 N.C. 67, 235 S.E.2d 146 (1977); Philpott v. Kerns, 285 N.C. 225, 203 S.E.2d 778 (1974); Distributors v. McAndrews, 270 N.C. 91, 153 S.E.2d 770 (1967); Stone v. Hicks, 45 N.C.App. 66, 262 S.E.2d 318 (1980).

The second summons was issued on 7 April 1981, eleven days after the complaint was filed, for service on the defendant and was duly served on 13 April 1981. This summons had an endorsement by the clerk, by which the plaintiff attempted to connect the second summons to the original summons and thus comply with Rule 4(d), which provides that if a defendant is not served within the time allowed, the plaintiff may "secure an endorsement upon the original summons for an extension of time ...." Rule 4(d) is not applicable because the original summons was not issued for service on the defendant but on a person other than defendant, a person not a party to the action. The Rule 4(d) provisions for an endorsement on the original summons or issuance of an alias or pluries summons apply only when the original summons was not served, and their purpose is to keep the action alive until service can be made. Williams v. Bray, 273 N.C. 198, 159 S.E.2d 556 (1968); Cherry v. Woolard, 244 N.C. 603, 94 S.E.2d 562 (1956). The plaintiff's argument that the second summons related back under Rule 4(f) to the date of issuance of the original...