Roth v. Scruggs

• Decision Date: 22 October 1925
• Docket Number: 6 Div. 397
• Citation: 106 So. 182,214 Ala. 32
• Parties: ROTH v. SCRUGGS et al.
• Court: Alabama Supreme Court

106 So. 182

214 Ala. 32

ROTH v. SCRUGGS et al.

6 Div. 397

Supreme Court of Alabama

October 22, 1925

Rehearing Denied Nov. 19, 1925

Appeal from Circuit Court, Jefferson County; John Denson, Judge.

Action by J.C. Roth against J.H. Scruggs and others. Judgment for defendants, and plaintiff appeals. Affirmed.

W.F Spencer and Ralph W. Quinn, both of Birmingham, for appellant.

Davis &amp Locke, of Birmingham, for appellees.

BOULDIN J.

The action is for personal injuries received in an elevator accident. The counts upon which the cause was tried seek to fix liability upon the owner or owners of the building. The negligence charged is failure to notify the tenant of alleged known defects in an elevator in a store building used for passengers and freight, resulting in injury to plaintiff, a guest or customer of the tenant, while a passenger on the elevator. The suit was first brought against J.H. Scruggs as sole defendant. Later Mrs. W.J.T. Scruggs was made party defendant. Both were served with summons, appeared, and filed demurrers to the complaint. The counts above mentioned were then added, alleging that "the defendants were the owners" of the building.

On the trial the following amendment was filed:

"Comes the plaintiff, and by leave of court, first had and obtained, amends his original complaint and amendment thereto by adding to the original complaint, as amended viz.: "Plaintiff avers that at the time of the filing of this suit he was ignorant of the true and exact name of the defendant in this cause, and that the correct name of the defendant was unknown to him at said time and until the date hereof; that the plaintiff only knew the defendant as J.H. Scruggs and Mrs. W.J.T. Scruggs, and designated them in his said complaint by said name or names; that since the filing of this cause, to wit, on the date of the trial thereof, the plaintiff discovered the true and correct name of the defendant, which is Scruggs Investment Company, a body corporate, and plaintiff avers that the defendant in said cause, as designated in the original complaint as amended, is Scruggs Investment Company, a body corporate, and is the owner of the building described in said complaint, and is the defendant sought to be sued in the original complaint."

Scruggs Investment Company filed demurrers, and, same being overruled, pleaded in short by consent.

On the trial it appeared without dispute that Scruggs Investment Company, a corporation, was the owner of the building, and that the accident occurred more than 12 months before the amendment above copied was filed. The court gave the affirmative charge at the request of each defendant, stating from the bench his reasons therefor, viz. that the suit against Scruggs Investment Company was barred by the statute of limitations of one year, and neither of the other defendants was the owner of the building as alleged in the complaint.

Appellant relies upon section 9515, new to the Code of 1923, as follows:

"Name of defendant.--When the plaintiff is ignorant of the name of the defendant, such defendant may be designated in any pleading or proceeding by any name; and when his true name is discovered, the pleading or proceeding may be amended accordingly, either before or after service of the summons."

This statute is remedial in nature, and should be construed liberally to accomplish the purpose intended. It must also be construed in connection with the statutes in force at the time of its adoption. Our amendment statutes already provided for bringing in newly discovered parties, not working an entire change of parties; also for cases of misnomer. Code, § 9513.

Manifestly, the new statute covers primarily cases where the "name" of defendant is unknown, not cases in which his identity is unknown. The chief field of operation is in emergency cases, where it is important to get service upon the party against whom plaintiff has a cause of action, but whose name is at the time unknown. Cases may arise in which a tort is committed by a person unseen and unidentified, but clues are at hand leading to a discovery of name and identity, and it is important to attach property or get service while within the jurisdiction of the court. We see no reason why this statute should not extend to the latter class. There may be others. The full application of a statute can best be determined as cases arise which call for its construction. We are clear it does not apply to a case where the plaintiff, by mistake, sues the wrong party, brings him into court, and, finding he has the wrong party, seeks to substitute another and different party. With all our liberal rules of pleading intended to promote justice our statutes have not authorized an entire change of parties in the course of suit. A suit may not be begun against one person and wind up with a judgment solely against a different person, unless he waives the change of parties. When the wrong person is sued, he is due to go out of court, and the new party is entitled to have the suit date from the time he is sued.

The new statute is not directed to amendments by adding new parties. It aims at getting into court the original party intended to be sued, using a fictitious name, until the true name is ascertained, and the proceeding amended accordingly.

Applying the rules approved in other states, we think good practice demands that a complaint or proceeding under section 9515 should show that the plaintiff is ignorant of the name of the defendant sued, with some identifying description. The plaintiff knows at the time he brings suit whether he is using a fictitious name for the reason named in the statute and it places no greater burden on him to so state, that the record may show a subsequent amendment is pursuant to that statute and not an effort to work an entire change of parties. Town of Hancock v. First Nat. Bank, 93 N.Y. 82; People v. Dunning, 113...