Rozier v. Mayor

• Decision Date: 20 June 2011
• Docket Number: No. A11A0588.,A11A0588.
• Citation: 310 Ga.App. 178,712 S.E.2d 596
• Parties: ROZIERv.MAYOR and Aldermen of the City of Savannah.
• Court: Georgia Court of Appeals

310 Ga.App. 178

712 S.E.2d 596

11 FCDR 1984

ROZIER

v.MAYOR and Aldermen of the City of Savannah.

No. A11A0588.

Court of Appeals of Georgia.

June 20, 2011.

Savage, Turner, Kraeuter, Pinckney, Britt & Madison, Brent J. Savage, Karl Christian Zipperer, Savannah, for appellant.Wiseman, Blackburn & Futrell, James B. Blackburn, Savannah, Peter Antonio Giusti, for appellee.MILLER, Presiding Judge.

Ben Rozier d/b/a D.I. Grille (“Rozier”) appeals the trial court's order dismissing his lawsuit against the Mayor and Aldermen of the City of Savannah (the “City Council” or the “City”). Rozier's lawsuit was based on the City Council's revocation and denial of an alcoholic beverage license held by Rozier. Because Rozier failed to properly seek review of the City Council's adverse decisions regarding his alcoholic beverage license, we affirm the trial court's dismissal of his lawsuit.

“When reviewing the grant of a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim, we review the dismissal de novo, construing the complaint's allegations and all possible inferences therefrom in favor of the plaintiff.” Daly v. Mueller, 279 Ga.App. 168, 168, 630 S.E.2d 799 (2006).

We sustain the dismissal if the allegations of the complaint disclose with certainty that the plaintiff would not be entitled to relief under any state of provable facts asserted in the complaint and if the movant establishes that the plaintiff could not possibly introduce evidence within the framework of the complaint sufficient to warrant a grant of the relief sought.

Id.

The record shows that Rozier owned and operated a restaurant and bar that served liquor pursuant to an alcoholic beverages license (“liquor license”) previously issued by the City. Following the occurrence of two separate incidents involving gunfire, both of which occurred on or adjacent to Rozier's premises, the City proposed to revoke Rozier's liquor license. The City Council conducted a hearing on the matter in November 2009. After hearing testimony from both Rozier and the City Attorney, the City Council decided to revoke Rozier's liquor license pursuant to the City of Savannah's Alcoholic Beverage Ordinance, § 6–1208(a) (3), which authorizes the revocation of an alcoholic beverage license where “[t]he operation of the licensee's business [is] in such a manner as to constitute a threat to public safety....”

Thereafter, on April 9, 2010, Rozier filed a complaint in the Superior Court of Chatham County, seeking monetary damages for alleged tortious interference with business. The City Council responded to Rozier's complaint on May 18, 2010, filing a combined answer and motion to dismiss. Around the same time, and upon the expiration of the requisite six-month waiting period after revocation of a liquor license, Rozier filed an application for a new license. The City Counsel notified Rozier via letter that a show cause hearing would take place on June 3, 2010, during which time Rozier would have the opportunity to show cause why his application should not be denied.

Represented by counsel, Rozier appeared at the June 3, 2010, hearing to present his arguments and evidence in favor of his application and to respond to adverse claims and evidence raised by the City Council. At the conclusion of the hearing, however, the City Council voted to deny Rozier's application, predicating its decision on a number of grounds contained within § 6–1208 of the City of Savannah's Alcoholic Beverage Ordinance.¹ Shortly thereafter, Rozier filed an amended complaint, which, in addition to seeking damages for tortious interference with business, also stated claims for equitable relief and mandamus.²

On August 18, 2010, the trial court granted the City Council's motion to dismiss and entered an order dismissing Rozier's lawsuit in its entirety. The trial court concluded that Rozier failed to state a cause of action for which relief could be granted, as a petition for certiorari with the superior court was Rozier's sole remedy to challenge the City Council's decision to revoke his liquor license and later deny his application for a new one. We agree that Rozier failed to properly appeal the City Council's orders “ at law by a duly filed writ of certiorari in the trial court,” Jordan v. City of Atlanta, 283 Ga.App. 285, 285, 641 S.E.2d 275 (2007); accordingly, we need not consider the trial court's other grounds for dismissal.³

Here, Rozier's exclusive remedy was review of the City Council's decisions via writ of certiorari under OCGA § 5–4–1(a). OCGA § 5–4–1(a) provides in relevant part that “[t]he writ of certiorari shall lie for the correction of errors committed by any inferior judicatory or any person exercising judicial powers.” In considering whether a writ of certiorari is the appropriate method of review, the hearing officer or lower tribunal whose order is being reviewed must have exercised judicial or quasi-judicial powers; certiorari is not appropriate where the power exercised was merely administrative, ministerial, or legislative in nature. Mack II v. City of Atlanta, 227 Ga.App. 305, 307(1), 489 S.E.2d 357 (1997).

To determine whether an action was judicial or quasi-judicial in nature, the Court must first look to the particular function performed at the hearing. Mack II, 227 Ga. App. at 310, 489 S.E.2d 357. A hearing that is judicial or quasi-judicial in nature “is one in which all parties are as a matter of right entitled to notice and to a hearing, with the opportunity afforded to present evidence under judicial forms of procedure; and that no one deprived of such rights is bound by the action taken.” Id. at 307, 489 S.E.2d 357. When an aggrieved party is afforded this type of hearing, “appeals from such decisions can only be had by writ of certiorari under [OCGA § 5–4–1(a),] where no additional right of appeal is provided by law.” (Punctuation omitted.) Starnes v. Fulton County School Dist., 233 Ga.App. 182, 185, 503 S.E.2d 665 (1998).

We addressed a situation similar to this case in Soerries v. City of Columbus, 222 Ga.App. 745, 476 S.E.2d 64 (1996). There, the city revoked a licensee's liquor license, and rather than seeking review via writ of certiorari under OCGA § 5–4–1(a), the licensee filed a complaint in superior court seeking declaratory relief, a preliminary and permanent injunction, and damages. Soerries, 222 Ga.App. at 745–746, 476 S.E.2d 64. Since the licensee's claim for damages was contingent on the alleged wrongful revocation of his liquor license, however, a petition for certiorari was the exclusive mechanism by which the licensee could have challenged the city's revocation of his liquor license. Id. at 746, 476 S.E.2d 64 (“In deciding to revoke [the licensee's] license based on violations of the City's Ordinance, the Council exercised judicial power in the same manner as a court would exercise power in...