Russo v. State, 4D00-2168.

• Citation: 804 So.2d 419
• Decision Date: 10 October 2001
• Docket Number: No. 4D00-2168.,4D00-2168.
• Parties: Robert Joseph RUSSO, Appellant, v. STATE of Florida, Appellee.
• Court: Court of Appeal of Florida (US)

804 So.2d 419

Robert Joseph RUSSO, Appellant, v. STATE of Florida, Appellee.

No. 4D00-2168.

District Court of Appeal of Florida, Fourth District.

October 10, 2001.

Rehearing Denied December 5, 2001.

Carey Haughwout, Public Defender, and Steven H. Malone, Assistant Public Defender, West Palm Beach, for appellant.

Robert A. Butterworth, Attorney General, Tallahassee, and Douglas J. Glaid, Assistant Attorney General, Fort Lauderdale, for appellee.

KLEIN, J.

Appellant was found guilty on two counts of aggravated assault and argues that, because the two counts arose out of one continuous incident, the two convictions violate double jeopardy. We reverse.

The victim was operating an earthmoving machine behind a duplex apartment where the appellant lived. Appellant's wife complained to the victim about the loss of a dog chain in the yard and the victim allegedly insulted her. After she went back in the house, appellant came outside carrying a beer bottle. Some cursing back and forth occurred, and appellant broke the beer bottle and threatened to kill the victim with it.

The victim told appellant to put the bottle down and they could then go at it, and appellant dropped the bottle. At that point the victim stood up from his seat on the Bobcat, and appellant then picked up a shovel and swung it, striking the side of the Bobcat. On these facts the state charged appellant with two separate counts of aggravated assault, the first involving the bottle and the second involving the shovel, and obtained convictions on both.

In Vasquez v. State, 778 So.2d 1068 (Fla. 5th DCA 2001) two officers on bicycles were called to remove an intoxicated customer from a restaurant, which resulted in two convictions of resisting an officer without violence. The facts reflected that the defendant refused to leave the restaurant and had to be forcibly removed by the officers while he struggled with them. After the officers got the defendant outside, they handcuffed him, placed him under arrest, and summoned a patrol car to take him to the police station. After the patrol car arrived, defendant resisted their efforts to place him into the car and he had to be physically forced. The issue before the fifth district was whether his conduct inside the restaurant and his conduct while being forced into the car could support separate convictions.

The fifth district concluded that there could be only one conviction for resisting an officer without violence. Judge Sawaya explained:

The proper analysis to determine whether offenses arise from the same criminal episode requires consideration of the following factors: 1) whether separate victims are involved; 2) whether the crimes occurred in separate locations; and 3) whether there has been a temporal break between the incidents.

* * * * * *

The two counts of resisting without violence arise from the events that occurred at the restaurant. The facts of this case as set forth in this opinion establish that these two offenses flow from a single criminal episode. The first incident of resisting occurred as Vasquez was being escorted out of the restaurant and the second occurred as the officers were attempting to place him inside the patrol car. There was no temporal break in his resistance and the victims were the same. Accordingly, Vasquez could only be convicted of one count of resisting without violence.

Id. at 1070.

One of the cases relied on by the fifth district in Vasquez was Wallace v. State, 724 So.2d 1176 (Fla.1998). In Wallace the first officer who arrived at a domestic altercation ordered the defendant to drop a rake and informed him that he was under arrest. Defendant threatened to strike the officer with the rake and unsuccessfully attempted to punch him. As the second officer arrived on the scene the first officer ordered the defendant to lie on the ground, and the second officer then attempted to handcuff him.¹ Defendant then punched the second officer in the face and continued to fight both officers until they subdued him.

The issue before the Florida Supreme Court was whether the defendant could be convicted of two counts of resisting an officer with violence. Although the court's analysis focused on the issue of whether the fact that two officers were resisted would permit two convictions, the court observed that "his continuous resistence to the ongoing attempt to effect his arrest constitutes a single instance of obstruction" under the statute. Id. at 1181. The court held two convictions were barred by double jeopardy.

In Gresham v. State, 725 So.2d 419, 420 (Fla. 4th DCA 1...