Safeco Ins. Co. of America v. Gonacha

• Decision Date: 14 March 1960
• Docket Number: No. 18552,18552
• Citation: 142 Colo. 170,350 P.2d 189
• Parties: SAFECO INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA, a corporation, Plaintiff in Error, v. Franklin Ralph GONACHA, a/k/a Frank R. Gonacha, Frances Hribar, Mary Ferkovich, Mary Corian, and W. E. Shrout, Defendants in Error.
• Court: Colorado Supreme Court

Page 189

350 P.2d 189

142 Colo. 170

SAFECO INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA, a corporation, Plaintiff in Error, v. Franklin Ralph GONACHA, a/k/a Frank R. Gonacha, Frances

Hribar, Mary Ferkovich, Mary Corian, and W. E.

Shrout, Defendants in Error.

No. 18552.

Supreme Court of Colorado, In Department.

March 14, 1960.

Rehearing Denied March 28, 1960.

Yegge, Bates, Hall & Shulenburg, Ronald V. Yegge, Don R. Evans, Denver, for plaintiff in error.

Laurence A. Ardell, Pueblo, Albert J. Tomsic, Walsenburg, for defendants in error.

KNAUSS, Justice.

The parties to this writ of error appear here in reverse order to their appearance in the trial court. We shall refer to them by name.

It appears that Gonacha on July 8, 1955, was involved in an automobile accident which resulted in damage to the other defendants in error, who instituted suit against Gonacha and recovered judgment against him. Gonacha and his judgment creditors above mentioned brought the instant action against Safeco seeking satisfaction of the judgments entered against Gonacha, alleging that he at the time of the accident was insured against public liability by Safeco.

Safeco answered denying liability and alleging fraud and misrepresentation in the procurement of the policy sued upon in that Gonacha in his application for the insurance involved falsely answered the following questions: 1. That no insurer had cancelled or refused him insurance. 4. That he had not been convicted or forfeited bail for a traffic violation during the past three years. 5. That he had not been involved in an accident within the past three years. On July 16, 1955, the company gave notice of cancellation of the policy and tendered back the premium paid, which was refused.

A jury trial proceeded upon the issues thus joined. A motion by counsel for Safeco for a directed verdict in its favor was denied. After all evidence was in, a like motion on behalf of plaintiff was granted by the trial court and a verdict directed in favor of plaintiffs. From the judgment entered thereon Safeco seeks review by writ of error.

The uncontroverted facts disclosed by the record show that the policy sued on was for a period of six months after April 30, 1955. On March 26, 1955, Gonacha made application to Safeco for a policy of insurance and answered 'No' to each of the questions: Has any insurer cancelled or refused insurance for insured? Has any user been involved in an accident (as a driver) during the past three years? Upon this application, signed by Gonacha, a policy was issued, and it being thereafter discovered that the premium charged was too low in light of the extensive driving of Gonacha, a second policy was issued on April 30, 1955, at which time Gonacha was asked by the agent of Safeco if the answers to the questions were the same as those made in the prior application, to which Gonacha replied in the affirmative. Gonacha also signed this application.

It is undisputed that Gonacha had been previously refused insurance; had been twice fined for reckless driving and involved in two automobile accidents, all within a three year period prior to his application for the policy involved here.

The application for insurance, a single page form, is divided into two sections. The upper portion is titled 'Declarations' and the lower portion 'Insured's Statement'. The questions and answers involved are found in the lower part. A copy of the upper part only is attached to the policy. The court, in granting plaintiff's motion for a directed verdict, stated 'that if the fraudulent misrepresentations were made, they were not merged with this policy. The sole thing that became merged with this policy are the declarations, and that is the part that is attached to the policy.'

The 'Insured's Statement' contains the following provision as a prefix to the questions answered by insured therein: 'I declare the facts stated hereon to be true and request the company to issue the insurance and any renewals thereof in reliance thereon.'

Plaintiffs assert that the legal effect of this provision, which is not attached to the policy, is controlled and altered by paragraph 22 of the policy, which states:

'22 Declarations. By acceptance of this policy, the named insured agrees that the statements in the declarations are his agreements and representations, that this policy issued in reliance upon the truth of such representations, and that this policy embodies all agreements existing between himself and Safeco or any of its agents relating to this insurance.'

In State Farm Mutual Automobile Ins. Co. v. West, D.C.Md., 149 F.Supp. 289, 304 the evidence indicated that in the application the insured made negative answers to questions as to whether he had had any prior accidents or whether his operator's license had ever been revoked when, in fact, he had been involved in prior accidents and his operator's license had been previously revoked. The application was not attached to the insurance policy and the court held this...