Sandifer v. State

• Decision Date: 19 November 2012
• Docket Number: No. A12A1581.,A12A1581.
• Citation: 318 Ga.App. 630,734 S.E.2d 464
• Parties: SANDIFER v. The STATE.
• Court: Georgia Court of Appeals

318 Ga.App. 630

734 S.E.2d 464

SANDIFER

v.The STATE.

No. A12A1581.

Court of Appeals of Georgia.

Nov. 19, 2012.

William Marcus Ermine, for Appellant.

Gregory Warren Winters, Dorothy Vinson Hull, for Appellee.

BRANCH, Judge.

Following a jury trial, Darryl Lamar Sandifer was convicted on five counts of aggravated child molestation,¹ four counts of child molestation,² and two counts of enticing a child for indecent purposes. ³ He now appeals the denial of his motion for a new trial, asserting that the court below erred in: (1) refusing to allow his sister to remain in the courtroom for the testimony of Sandifer's two victims; and (2) allowing the State to introduce similar transaction evidence, even though its notice regarding those similar transactions failed to specify the exact purpose for which that evidence would be introduced. We find no error and affirm.

[318 Ga.App. 631]1. Viewed in the light most favorable to the verdict,⁴ the record shows that Sandifer repeatedly molested two young boys over an approximately two year period. The boys were between the ages of six and ten when the abuse occurred, and they were aged nine and eleven at the time of Sandifer's trial. At the request of the State and pursuant to OCGA § 17–8–54⁵, the trial court cleared the courtroom of spectators, other than the immediate family members of each of the victims, during the victims' testimony. Among the spectators required to leave was Sandifer's sister, with whom he resided. When the judge asked defense counsel if he had any objection to clearing the courtroom, Sandifer's lawyer responded: “No, Your honor. My client brings a good point up. The other people that are being excluded [from the courtroom] are his family.” The judge responded: “Yeah. I know that, but that doesn't change the fact [that they need to leave.]” Sandifer now contends that the trial court's refusal to allow his sister to remain in the courtroom during the victims' testimony violated both his constitutional right to a public trial and OCGA § 17–8–54. We find no reversible error.

As an initial matter, it appears that Sandifer has waived this claim of error. Specifically, when asked by the court if Sandifer objected to removing all spectators other than the victims' families from the courtroom defense counsel responded, “No.” Although the lawyer went on to point out that Sandifer's family members were among those being excluded, he did not state any objection based on either Sandifer's constitutional right to a public trial or the relevant statute. Sandifer therefore waived his right to argue these grounds as reversible error. Craven v. State, 292 Ga.App. 592, 593–594(1)(b), 664 S.E.2d 921 (2008) (in child molestation case, defendant waived his claim that court below violated his right to a public trial by excluding his family from court during the testimony of the victim, where he failed to raise that claim until after the victim had testified); Hunt v. State, 268 Ga.App. 568, 571(1), 602 S.E.2d 312 (2004) (defendant in child molestation case waived his claim that trial court erred in removing his family from courtroom during victim's testimony, where he failed to object at trial).

Moreover, even assuming that Sandifer did preserve this objection, the trial court's decision to remove Sandifer's sister from the courtroom does not constitute reversible error. While the exclusion of Sandifer's sister violated OCGA § 17–8–54, Sandifer has failed to show how this error harmed him. Although Sandifer argues that such prejudice resulted from the creation of “an environment more favorable to the child witnesses,” he does not argue that this allegedly more favorable environment somehow bolstered the victims' credibility. Furthermore, his assertion of prejudice ignores the fact that the victims' trial testimony was not the only evidence supporting his conviction. Other evidence presented against Sandifer included video tapes of the forensic interviewsof the victims, and the testimony of the forensic interviewers, the investigating officer, and the nurse practitioner who conducted the forensic exams of the victims. The jury also heard the testimony of the victims' mothers, to whom each boy made his initial outcry, as well as testimony concerning similar transactions. In light of this evidence, we cannot say that Sandifer was prejudiced by the fact that the trial court may have made it easier for the young victims to testify by removing all spectators, other than their immediate family members, from the courtroom. See Driggers v. State, 295 Ga.App. 711, 716–717(3), 673 S.E.2d 95 (2009); Craven, 292 Ga.App. at 595(1)(b), 664 S.E.2d 921.

2. Prior to trial, the State filed a notice pursuant to Uniform Superior Court Rule 31.3 announcing its intent to introduce evidence of similar transactions.⁶ The notice listed the similar transactions as “child molestation” that occurred during the years 1991–1993 at the address where Sandifer had lived with a former girlfriend. The witnesses listed with respect to these similar transactions included three...