Sandlin v. Blanchard

• Decision Date: 28 November 1947
• Docket Number: 6 Div. 635.
• Citation: 33 So.2d 472,250 Ala. 170
• Parties: SANDLIN v. BLANCHARD et al.
• Court: Alabama Supreme Court

33 So.2d 472

250 Ala. 170

SANDLIN v. BLANCHARD et al.

6 Div. 635.

Supreme Court of Alabama

November 28, 1947

Rehearing Denied Feb. 3, 1948.

Fite and Fite, of Hamilton, for appellant.

Fred Fite, of Hamilton, for appellees.

Paragraph 3 of the bill as amended is as follows:

'The foregoing lands of complainant described in paragraph two of this bill are divided in two tracts. Complainant's tenant occupies one tract of said land and complainant occupies the other tract; that said described public road (which complainant alleges to be obstructed by defendants) is the only way or road complainant has of going to and from his home to the tenant house and in looking after his said tenant tract; that by way of said described public road complainant's home and tenant house are only approximately one-half mile apart; that if complainant is prevented from using said described road by defendants' conduct as alleged, complainant will have to travel other public roads a distance of from eight to ten miles in order to reach his said tenant tract from the tract where complainant resides.'

BROWN Justice.

This appeal is by the complainant from an interlocutory decree sustaining the defendants' demurrer to the bill as amended. The bill is by landowner, a private individual, and seeks to enjoin the defendants, their agents, servants and employees, from obstructing a public road described in the bill and from interfering with the complainant, her agent servant and employee, in repairing said road.

The demurrer does not question the existence of the road as a public road and as to how it became such road is not material on this appeal. 40 C.J.S., Highways, § 219.

The bill presents the case in a single aspect--to enjoin the obstruction of said road and to prevent the defendants from interfering with the complainant or her agent in making repair of a culvert thereon.

The demurrer addressed to the bill as a whole raises two questions. (1) What authority has the complainant to make repair in the face of a threatened breach of the peace and (2) whether or not the alleged obstruction is one entitling the complainant to an injunction?

The rule stated in 40 C.J.S., Highways, § 225, is that 'A traveler actually hindered may personally remove an obstruction in a highway, as may anyone else if specially injured, but it is a condition to the exercise of the right that the removal does not involve a breach of the peace, and that due care is exercised in effecting the removal.' This rule is supported by Shaheen v. Dorsey, 208 Ky 89, 270 S.W. 452; Muir v. Kay, 66 Utah 550, 244 P 901; 29 C.J. p. 626 and note 53; 40 C.J.S., Highways, § 225; 13 R.C.L. p. 244 § 204.

In the Utah case the court held: 'There are circumstances where at common law a private subject had the right to abate a public nuisance in a public highway * * * but, unless the private subject had occasion to make use of the highway or if the obstruction did not impede his progress traveling on the highway, he was required to leave the public injury to be redressed by the public authorities. It was the existence of an emergency which justified interference by the individual, and the right of a private citizen to abate the encroachment or obstruction was limited by the necessity of the case.' Muir v. Kay, 66 Utah. 550, 244 P. 901, 906.

It is well settled that where a road is shown to be a public road, a private individual is entitled to an injunction against encroachment or obstruction thereon when and only when he has sustained special damages different, not merely in degree, but in kind, from that suffered by the public at large. Jones v. Bright, 140 Ala. 268, 37 So. 79; 40 C.J.S., Highways, § 226 subsec. b.

The substance of the allegations designed to show that the defendants are guilty of obstructing the road is that on the 29th of April, 1947, when complainant's agent attempted to repair a culvert on said road where it crossed defendants' land, defendants' sister sat down in the place where said culvert was to be repaired and the other defendants threatened complainant's agent with violence if he went ahead with the repair work and continued to threaten complainant's agent with violence 'and defendants' said conduct constituted an obstruction of said public road.' Ordinarily private individuals have no right to construct highway improvements or make repair thereon without the permission of the governing public authorities, except to the extent of repairing defects caused by their own acts. Various duties in this respect are sometimes imposed by statute or ordinances. 25 Am.Jur. pp. 376, 377, § 64.

To constitute an obstruction something more than threats of violence is essential. 'In general it may be said that an unlawful obstruction or encroachment may consist of anything which renders the highway less commodious or convenient for the use of the public, such as buildings or other structures projections over the highway,...