Sandy Pappas Senate Committee, Matter of

• Decision Date: 24 July 1992
• Docket Number: No. C7-91-1898,C7-91-1898
• Citation: 488 N.W.2d 795
• Parties: In the Matter of a Complaint Against the SANDY PAPPAS SENATE COMMITTEE.
• Court: Minnesota Supreme Court

Page 795

488 N.W.2d 795

In the Matter of a Complaint Against the SANDY PAPPAS SENATE

COMMITTEE.

No. C7-91-1898.

Supreme Court of Minnesota.

July 24, 1992.

Rehearing Denied Aug. 26, 1992.

Syllabus by the Court

Filing a complaint with the Minnesota Ethical Practices Board and appearing before it in executive session does not confer upon a complainant who suffers no injury in fact standing to seek judicial review of the Board's decision.

Martha Casserly, Sp. Asst. Atty. Gen., St. Paul, for appellant.

Kenneth Tilsen, St. Paul, for Sandy Pappas Senate Committee.

Raymond W. Faricy, Faricy & Dunn, St. Paul, for Russell L. Doty.

Heard, considered, and decided by the court en banc.

COYNE, Justice.

We accepted review of the decision of the court of appeals denying the Minnesota Ethical Practices Board's motion to discharge a writ of certiorari issued upon petition of relator Russell L. Doty to consider the issue of his standing to petition for a writ of certiorari. We reverse.

In the 1990 DFL primary Sandra Pappas defeated Donald Moe for the office of State Senator of District 65. She went on to win the general election.

In August 1990 Pappas signed a contract with the Board in which she agreed to abide by the terms of the Ethics in Government Act. By a 20-page complaint dated April 11, 1991 and delivered to the Board, Doty, an assistant to Moe before the senator lost the 1990 primary, alleged that in the course of her campaign, Pappas violated the act in 17 respects by exceeding campaign spending limits and failing to record properly campaign expenditures and contributions. By letter dated October 4, 1990, Pappas had informed the executive director of the Board that she had exceeded the campaign spending limits, ¹ and the Board had begun its review of Pappas's campaign records before it received Doty's complaint. In her October 4, 1990 letter Pappas also attempted to rescind her agreement and thereby disqualify herself from receipt of state election campaign funds. Minn.Stat. Sec. 10A.322, subd. 1 (1990), provides, however, that "[a]n agreement may not be rescinded after [September 1]."

Following two informal hearings at which Pappas and Doty were each offered the separate opportunity to present comments, submit documents, and answer the Board's questions, the Board and Pappas entered into a conciliation agreement pursuant to which Pappas paid a civil fine of $903.42, the amount of her excess expenditures. ² 2] On August 22, 1991 the Board made its findings in the Matter of a Complaint Against the Sandy Pappas for Senate Committee, concluding that the committee unintentionally exceeded the campaign expenditure limit by $903.42, that the committee made eight inadvertent reporting errors which had been amended in accordance with Minn.Stat. Sec. 10A.23, and that the remaining allegations in Doty's complaint were unsubstantiated. The Board dismissed the complaint and entered correspondence into the public record pursuant to Minn.Stat. Sec. 10A.02, subd. 11 (1990).

Doty sought judicial review of the Board's determination by petitioning the court of appeals for a writ of certiorari pursuant to Minn.Stat. Sec. 480A.06, subd. 3 "upon the grounds that [the Board's decision] is not in conformity with the provisions of Minnesota Statutes 10A, and is unwarranted by the evidence." The court of appeals issued certiorari, prompting the Board and the Sandy Pappas for Senate Committee to move pursuant to Minn.R.Civ.App.P. 127 for discharge of the writ on the ground that Doty lacked standing. The court of appeals denied the motion to discharge the writ, holding that Doty had standing to invoke judicial review of the Board's decision in the Pappas matter. In re Sandy Pappas Senate Committee, 478 N.W.2d 337 (Minn.App.1991).

Standing may be conferred by statute or it may exist by reason of judicial recognition of a particular relationship between a person and an actionable controversy. Minnesota Public Interest Research Group v. Minnesota Dept. of Labor and Industry, 311 Minn. 65, 72, 249 N.W.2d 437, 441 (1976). Because the Ethics in Government Act does not confer standing upon complainants to the Board, if Doty has standing, he has it in its judicial manifestation. In the absence of a discernible legislative intent to the contrary, it has long been established that a person has standing to invoke judicial review of agency action only if that person suffers "injury in fact" as a consequence of that action. See, e.g., Snyder's Drug Stores, Inc. v. Minnesota State Bd. of Pharmacy, 301 Minn. 28, 32, 221 N.W.2d 162, 165 (1974). See also Minn.Stat. Sec. 14.63 (1990): "Any person aggrieved by a final decision in a contested case is entitled to judicial review of the decision * * * * "

Doty contends that as a result of what he asserts is the Board's improper interpretation of the provisions of chapter 10A, its assessment of the extent of Pappas's liability for violation of the act's terms was inadequate. To have standing to petition successfully for writ of certiorari, however, a person must assert more than dissatisfaction with an agency's interpretation of statutes: the person must articulate with a degree of clarity some legally cognizable interest of his which has sustained injury in fact by the agency action--i.e., that he has in fact sustained injury to some interest which differs from injury to the interests of other citizens generally. See Twin Ports Convalescent, Inc. v. Minnesota State Bd. of Health, 257 N.W.2d 343 (Minn.1977); Sierra Club v. Morton, 405 U.S. 727, 734-35, 92 S.Ct. 1361, 1366, 31 L.Ed.2d 636 (1972). As the United States Supreme Court put it in Sierra Club:

The requirement that a party seeking review must allege facts showing that he is himself adversely affected does not insulate executive action from judicial review, nor does it prevent any public interests from being protected through the judicial process. It does serve as at least a rough attempt to put the decision as to whether review will be sought in the hands of those who have a direct stake in the outcome. That goal would be undermined were we to construe the [federal] APA to authorize judicial review at the behest of organizations or individuals who seek to do no more than vindicate their own value preferences through the judicial process.

405 U.S. at 740, 92 S.Ct. at 1368-69 (footnote omitted).

Doty argues that by participating in the Board's proceedings, a legally cognizable interest arose in him that, by virtue of the Board's ruling, sustained injury in fact. Certainly, pursuant to Minn.Stat. Sec. 10A.02, subd. 9 (1990), it was proper for any registered voter to file a complaint with the Board and to appear before the Board at its informal hearings; however, Doty did not thereby acquire a legally cognizable interest in the outcome of the Board's proceedings, for in its judicial...