Savannah College of Art and Design, Inc. v. Roe
| Decision Date | 07 November 1991 |
| Docket Number | No. S91A0809,S91A0809 |
| Parties | , 70 Ed. Law Rep. 1013 SAVANNAH COLLEGE OF ART AND DESIGN, INC. v. ROE, et al. |
| Court | Georgia Supreme Court |
Taylor Tapley Daly, Richard K. Hines, V, Neely & Player and Hugh M. Dorsey, III, Atlanta, for Savannah College of Art and Design, Inc.
Morton G. Forbes, Forbes & Bowman and Susan Shelley Shaw, Middleton & Anderson, Savannah, for Roe, et al.
James D. Hollingsworth, Decatur.
G. Richardson Wieters and John W. Minor, Jr., Hughes & Wieters, P.A., Hilton Head, S.C.
William S. Stone, William O. Bird, P.C., Craig T. Jones, Clark & Smith, P.C., Atlanta, and Frank J. Beltran, Chairman, Georgia Trial Lawyers Assoc., Macon, amicus appellant.
Gilbert H. Deitch, Gerald B. Kline, George R. Ference and James Andrew Nystrom, Bauer, Deitch & Raines, P.C., Atlanta, amicus appellee.
Appellees were students living in appellant's dormitory when they were sexually assaulted by an intruder in January 1987. Appellees filed suit, alleging breach of contract and negligent failure to provide adequate security. The trial court denied the college's motion for summary judgment, and we granted certiorari from the Court of Appeals' denial of the college's application for interlocutory review.
1. Appellees maintain that a "housing policy agreement" between the college and each appellant constitutes a contract in which the college agreed to furnish a safe place to live, to provide sufficient security and protection, and to respond to requests for help. In the housing policy agreement, the student agreed to adhere to eight housing rules 1 and recognized that the rules were "intended to protect the security, privacy and comfort of dormitory students and neighbors."
The first requirement of the law relative to contracts is that there must be a meeting of the minds of the parties, and mutuality [cits.], and in order for the contract to be valid the agreement must ordinarily be expressed plainly and explicitly enough to show what the parties agreed upon. [Cits.] [West v. Downer, 218 Ga. 235(5), 127 S.E.2d 359 (1962) .]
Inasmuch as the housing policy agreement does not express plainly and explicitly the college's willingness to undertake to protect the student dormitory residents from the criminal acts of third parties, and we are not willing to imply such an undertaking from the language of the housing policy agreement, the college was not contractually obligated to provide such protection. See Donaldson v. Olympic Spa, 175 Ga.App. 258, 333 S.E.2d 98 (1985). There being no contractual duty, there was no breach of that duty; therefore, the trial court erred in denying summary judgment to the college on the count of appellees' complaint asserting a breach of contract.
2. Appellees' negligence count is premised on the college's duty to exercise ordinary care in keeping the premises and approaches safe. OCGA § 51-3-1.
It is the duty of a proprietor to protect an invitee from injury caused by the misconduct of employees, customers, and third persons if there is any reasonable apprehension of danger from the conduct of said persons or if injury could be prevented by the proprietor through the exercise of ordinary care and diligence. [Cit.] Ordinarily, even where the proprietor's negligence is shown, he would be insulated from liability by the intervention of an illegal act which is the proximate cause of the injury. [Cit.] However, the above rule has been held inapplicable if the defendant (original wrongdoer) had reasonable grounds for apprehending that such criminal act would be committed. [Cits.] McClendon v. Citizens & Southern National Bank, 155 Ga.App. 755, 756, 272 S.E.2d 592 (1980).
That the college had knowledge that the dormitory subjected the students to the unreasonable risk of criminal attack is a prerequisite to recovery under OCGA § 51-3-1, and may be demonstrated by evidence of the occurrence of prior substantially similar incidents. McCoy v. Gay, 165 Ga.App. 590, 302 S.E.2d 130 (1983). Evidence that the college is...
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