Schlesinger v. Jacob

• Decision Date: 21 February 2018
• Docket Number: No. 3D16–2314,3D16–2314
• Citation: 240 So.3d 75
• Parties: Michael J. SCHLESINGER, etc., et al., Appellants, v. Anita JACOB, Appellee.
• Court: Florida District Court of Appeals

240 So.3d 75

Michael J. SCHLESINGER, etc., et al., Appellants,

v.Anita JACOB, Appellee.

No. 3D16–2314

District Court of Appeal of Florida, Third District.

Opinion filed February 21, 2018

Schlesinger & Associates, P.A., and Michael J. Schlesinger and Andrew S. Genden ; Luis E. Barreto & Associates, P.A., and Luis E. Barreto, for appellants.

Rosenthal, Rosenthal, Rasco, LLC, and Steve M. Bimston and Eduardo I. Rasco, for appellee.

Before ROTHENBERG, C.J., and EMAS and LUCK, JJ.

EMAS, J.

Appellants Michael J. Schlesinger, of Schlesinger & Associates, P.A., and Luis E. Barreto, of Luis E. Barreto & Associates, P.A., appeal the trial court's order denying their motion for entitlement to attorney's fees and costs in an underlying guardianship proceeding. We reverse the trial court's order, which denied entitlement to attorney's fees under section 744.108(1), Florida Statutes (2016). That subsection provides:

A guardian, or an attorney who has rendered services to the ward or to the guardian on the ward's behalf, is entitled to a reasonable fee for services rendered and reimbursement for costs incurred on behalf of the ward.

Case law construing this provision uniformly holds that "an attorney's entitlement to payment of reasonable fees and costs is subject to the limitation that his or her services must benefit the ward or the ward's estate." In re G'ship of Ansley, 94 So.3d 711, 713 (Fla. 2d DCA 2012) ; Thorpe v. Myers, 67 So.3d 338 (Fla. 2d DCA 2011) ; Butler v. G'ship of Peacock, 898 So.2d 1139 (Fla. 5th DCA 2005) ; Price v. Austin, 43 So.3d 789 (Fla. 1st DCA 2010). See also Zepeda v. Klein, 698 So.2d 329 (Fla. 4th DCA 1997). This court has adopted our sister courts' construction of section 744.108(1). See Losh v. McKinley, 106 So.3d 1014, 1015 (Fla. 3d DCA 2013).

In denying the motion for attorney's fees, the trial court concluded that none of the services rendered by appellants benefitted the Ward. However, this conclusion is unsupported by competent substantial evidence in the record. Indeed, appellants provided services which included: a petition to determine incapacity, which the trial court granted upon a determination, supported by clear and convincing evidence, that the Ward was totally incapacitated; and a petition to establish a plenary guardianship, which the trial court also granted, upon a determination that such was necessary "to provide for the welfare and safety of the Ward," and because there was no less restrictive alternative to plenary guardianship that would "sufficiently address the problems and needs of the Ward." As a result, the Ward received the full benefit and protection of a plenary guardianship of person and property under Florida law.

The trial court's order appears to have conflated the separate determinations of entitlement to attorney's fees with the reasonable amount of fees to be awarded. The court's determination of amount and reasonableness is guided by section 744.108(2), Fla. Stat. (2016) which provides:

When fees for a guardian or an attorney are submitted to the court for determination, the court shall consider the following criteria:

(a) The time and labor required;

(b) The novelty and difficulty of the questions involved and the skill required to perform the services properly;

(c) The likelihood that the acceptance of the particular employment will preclude other employment of the person;

(d) The fee customarily charged in the locality for similar services;

(e) The nature and value of the incapacitated person's property, the amount of income earned by the estate, and the responsibilities and potential liabilities assumed by the person;

(f) The results obtained;

(g) The time limits imposed by the circumstances;

(h) The nature and length of the relationship with the incapacitated person; and

(i) The experience, reputation, diligence, and ability of the person performing the service.

Determining the amount of reasonable attorney's fees to be awarded lies within the discretion of the trial court, and such determination will not be disturbed unless there is a lack of competent substantial evidence to support the award. Gamse v. Touby, 382 So.2d 115 (Fla. 3d DCA 1980). In exercising that discretion, the trial may well consider, for example, the extent to which the party engaged in unproductive litigation over who would be appointed guardian or where the party pursued other goals that did not benefit the ward or his estate. Thorpe, 67 So.3d at 346.

We reverse the trial court's order denying appellants' motion for entitlement to attorney's fees and costs and remand for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.

ROTHENBERG, C.J., concurs.

LUCK, J., concurring specially:

I concur in the majority opinion because our court in Losh v. McKinley, 106 So.3d 1014 (Fla. 3d DCA 2013) joined the other district courts in welding onto the guardianship attorney's fee statute, section 744.108(1), the requirement that an attorney's services "benefit" the ward for the attorney to be entitled to fees. We are bound to follow Losh until the en banc court or the Florida Supreme Court overrules it, even though the word "benefit" is found nowhere in section 744.108(1) ("A guardian, or an attorney who has rendered services to the ward or to the guardian on the ward's behalf, is entitled to a reasonable fee for services rendered and reimbursement for costs incurred on behalf of the ward."). See In re Rule 9.331, Determination of Causes by a Dist. Court of Appeal En Banc, Fla R. App. P., 416 So.2d 1127, 1128 (Fla. 1982) ("[T]he suggestion that each three-judge panel may rule indiscriminately without regard to previous decisions of the same court is totally inconsistent with the philosophy of a strong district court of appeal which possesses the responsibility to set the law within its district.").

Courts adding words to a statute is bad for all the usual reasons. It takes us out of our lane as judges and usurps the power of the legislature to make the laws. See Art. III, § 1, Fla. Const. ("The legislative power of the state shall be vested in a legislature of the State of Florida, consisting of a senate composed of one senator elected from each senatorial district and a house of representatives composed of one member elected from each representative district."); id. Art. II, § 3 ("The powers of the state government shall be divided into legislative, executive and judicial branches. No person belonging to one branch shall exercise any powers appertaining to either of the other branches unless expressly provided herein."). It substitutes our will for the will of the people as reflected in the laws enacted by their elected representatives. See Farmers Mut. Fire Ins. Co. of Salem v. N.J. Prop.–Liab. Ins. Guar. Ass'n, 215 N.J. 522, 74 A.3d 860, 873 (2013) ("Legislation reflects the will of the people as enacted through their elected representatives."). It upsets the delicate compromises and give-and-take that go into the legislative process. See Henson v. Santander Consumer USA Inc., ––– U.S. ––––, 137 S.Ct. 1718, 1725, 198 L.Ed.2d 177 (2017) (Gorsuch, J.) ("Legislation is, after all, the art of compromise, the limitations expressed in statutory terms often the price of passage ...."). There are others.

But there is a specific harm in adding the requirement that an attorney's services must benefit the ward or the ward's estate. Wards are vulnerable. Whether by age or incapacity, a guardian has to be appointed to make decisions on a ward's behalf. Too often in our community, wards are taken advantage of by con artists, and even unscrupulous family members, financial institutions, professionals, and health care providers. By authorizing attorney's fees for services rendered to the ward, the legislature sought to encourage concerned family members and other interested parties to investigate abuses of a ward and to bring good-faith claims to the probate court. Those claims may not be successful in the end; it may turn out that the ward is not being taken advantage of or abused; but family members and other interested parties are rendering services to the ward by making sure they are well cared for and that the guardian is doing his or her job. By authorizing attorney's fees for services rendered to the ward, the legislature has essentially asked family members and interested parties, the ones best suited to watch over the ward, to be vigilant in protecting the ward's rights and bring to the trial court's attention good-faith concerns that the ward is being abused. As the legislature explained,

it is the purpose of [the guardianship act] to promote the public welfare by establishing a system that permits incapacitated persons to participate as fully as possible in all decisions affecting them; that assists such persons in meeting the essential requirements for their physical health and safety, in protecting their rights, in managing their financial resources, and in developing or regaining their abilities to the maximum extent possible; and that accomplishes these objectives through providing, in each case, the form of assistance that least interferes with the

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