Schuster v. Dist. Ct.
| Citation | 160 P.3d 873 |
| Decision Date | 28 June 2007 |
| Docket Number | No. 47314.,47314. |
| Parties | Donald SCHUSTER, Petitioner, v. The EIGHTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT of the State of Nevada, in and for the COUNTY OF CLARK, the Honorable Donald M. Mosley, District Judge, Respondents, and The STATE of Nevada, Real Party in Interest. |
| Court | Supreme Court of Nevada |
Cristalli & Saggese, Ltd., and Michael V. Cristalli, Las Vegas, for Petitioner.
Catherine Cortez Masto, Attorney General, Carson City; David J. Roger, District Attorney, James Tufteland, Chief Deputy District Attorney, and Christopher J. Owens, Deputy District Attorney, Clark County, for Real Party in Interest.
Before the Court En Banc.
Donald Schuster has petitioned this court for a writ of mandamus or prohibition, alleging that the district court erred in denying his pretrial petition for a writ of habeas corpus and/or motion to dismiss a grand jury indictment. Specifically, Schuster requests this court to compel the district court to dismiss the indictment on the ground that the State improperly refused to instruct the grand jury on the law relating to self-defense.1 Although we deny the petition, we conclude that this claim presents a substantial legal issue warranting a published decision.2
In February 2006, the State commenced grand jury proceedings relating to crimes allegedly committed during an altercation involving Schuster, his brother, and three teenagers. One of the teenagers was fatally wounded by a gunshot fired by Schuster, and other participants were injured. The State presented the following evidence to the grand jury.
On January 21, 2006, Mark Strycharz called the police to complain about noise emanating from a party at the home of his next-door neighbor, 17-year-old Bradley Franklin. The next morning, Strycharz and his brother Schuster were standing in Strycharz's front yard when Franklin and two of his teenage friends, Nicholas Errichetto and Jon Michael Ginoulias, pulled into the driveway of Franklin's house. A physical confrontation soon erupted between the teenagers, Strycharz, and Schuster. At one point, Schuster ran into Strycharz's house and returned armed with a gun. In the ensuing melee, Schuster fired three shots, fatally wounding Ginoulias and injuring Errichetto in the leg. The grand jury also heard testimony that Schuster fired a shot at Franklin; however, Franklin was uninjured.
Although Schuster did not testify before the grand jury, the State presented a videotape of his statement to the police.3 Schuster told the police that he went into the house to get the gun because the teenagers were beating Strycharz. As he exited the house, Ginoulias "came at him," and he pulled the trigger. Schuster then proceeded to the backyard where his brother was still being beaten. Errichetto came at him, and Schuster pointed the gun at Errichetto's leg and fired. Schuster told police officers that he did not remember how many shots he fired but stopped once the teenagers ran away. Schuster explained that he did not intend to hurt anyone, he would not have fired the gun if he had not felt threatened, and he acted to protect Strycharz. Strycharz testified at the grand jury hearing that immediately prior to hearing two to three gunshots, he was on the ground being beaten by the teenagers.
Ginoulias's autopsy revealed that he suffered injuries on his face, hands, and legs and, most significantly, a gunshot wound to his chest. The medical examiner concluded that Ginoulias died from the gunshot wound and that the manner of death was homicide.
The grand jury returned a true bill charging Schuster with one count of murder with the use of a deadly weapon, two counts of attempted murder with the use of a deadly weapon, one count of battery with the use of a deadly weapon, and one count of assault with the use of a deadly weapon.
On March 30, 2006, Schuster filed a pretrial petition for a writ of habeas corpus and/or motion to dismiss the indictment, which the district court denied on May 30, 2006. He thereafter filed the instant original petition for a writ of mandamus or prohibition in this court.
This court may issue a writ of mandamus to compel the performance of an act which the law requires as a duty resulting from an office, trust, or station, or to control an arbitrary or capricious exercise of discretion.4 Mandamus is an extraordinary remedy, and it is within the discretion of this court to determine if a petition will be considered.5 A writ of prohibition may issue to arrest the proceedings of a district court exercising its judicial functions when such proceedings are in excess of its jurisdiction.6 Neither writ will issue, however, if there is "a plain, speedy and adequate remedy in the ordinary course of law."7 Where the circumstances establish urgency or strong necessity, or an important issue of law requires clarification and public policy is served by this court's exercise of its original jurisdiction, this court may exercise its discretion to consider a petition for extraordinary relief.8
The specific issue presented in the instant petition is whether the duty imposed upon the State under NRS 172.145(2) to present known exculpatory evidence to the grand jury also requires the State to instruct the grand jury on the law relating to self-defense. This court has not previously addressed this question in a published decision, and we now clarify that such instructions are not required.
Schuster contends that because NRS 172.145(2) requires the State to submit known exculpatory evidence to the grand jury, the statute must also be construed to obligate the State to instruct the grand jury on the law of self-defense. Statutory construction involves a question of law, and this court reviews the statute under scrutiny de novo, without deference to the district court's conclusions.9 "In construing a statute, our primary goal is to ascertain the [L]egislature's intent in enacting it, and we presume that the statute's language reflects the [L]egislature's intent."10 "`Generally, when the words in a statute are clear on their face, they should be given their plain meaning unless such a reading violates the spirit of the act."'11 As a general rule, this court construes inconsistencies or ambiguities in criminal provisions in the defendant's favor.12
Therefore, we first examine the plain language of NRS 172.145(2) to decipher its meaning. The statute provides that "[i]f the district attorney is aware of any evidence which will explain away the charge, he shall submit it to the grand jury." "Exculpatory evidence is defined as evidence that will explain away the charge."13 The statute is silent as to whether the State's obligation to present exculpatory evidence includes the concomitant duty to instruct the grand jury on the law relating to self-defense. Although such instructions would not necessarily be inconsistent with NRS 172.145(2), because the plain language of the statute does not expressly impose such a duty on the State, Schuster must demonstrate that the duty arises from some other source.
Schuster's primary contention in this respect is that obligating the State to present exculpatory evidence to the grand jury without also requiring the State to instruct the grand jury on the legal effect of such evidence is an absurdity.14 Schuster argues that the State's duty to inform the grand jury of exculpatory evidence is meaningless unless the State is also required to advise the grand jury on the law respecting the legal significance of that evidence. We reject this contention. Schuster has failed to establish that, in enacting the statutory scheme regulating the grand jury process, the Legislature intended to expand the role of the grand jury beyond its historical, traditional investigative and accusatory function.
The relevant statutory scheme
In defining the powers of the grand jury, NRS 172.105 directs that the grand jury "may inquire into all public offenses triable in the district court or in a Justice Court, committed within the territorial jurisdiction of the district court for which it is impaneled." NRS 172.095(1)(a) provides that the grand jury "must be charged by the court" and that the court shall provide "the grand jurors such information as is required by law and any other information it deems proper regarding their duties and any charges for public offenses returned to the court or likely to come before the grand jury." NRS 172.145(1) provides that although the grand jurors are "not bound to hear evidence for the defendant," they nonetheless have a duty "to weigh all evidence submitted to them, and when they have reason to believe that other evidence within their reach will explain away the charge, they shall order that evidence to be produced." NRS 172.155(1) explains that a "grand jury ought to find an indictment when all the evidence before [it], taken together, establishes probable cause to believe that an offense has been committed and that the defendant has committed it."15 The finding of probable cause "does not involve a determination of the guilt or innocence of an accused,"16 and this court has consistently held that to secure an indictment, the State is not required to negate all inferences which might explain away an accused's conduct.17 This court has further held that "it is not mandatory for the prosecuting attorney to instruct the grand jury on the law."18
Thus, our review of the statutory scheme regulating the grand jury process reveals that the Legislature viewed the primary role of the grand jury as investigative and accusatory. That is to say, the primary function of the grand jury in Nevada is to investigate, obtain, and review evidence, and based on that evidence, to determine whether there is probable cause to believe that a crime has been committed and that a particular person or persons committed it. Schuster has pointed us to no other statutory provision or legislative history suggesting that the...
To continue reading
Request your trial
-
Rugamas v. Eighth Judicial Dist. Court of State
...jurisdiction, this court may exercise its discretion to consider a petition for extraordinary relief.” Schuster v. Eighth Judicial Dist. Court, 123 Nev. 187, 190, 160 P.3d 873, 875 (2007). Rugamas' petition raises an important issue of law that needs clarification: the applicability of NRS ......
-
Rugamas v. Eighth Judicial Dist. Court of Nev.
...jurisdiction,this court may exercise its discretion to consider a petition for extraordinary relief." Schuster v. Eighth Judicial Dist. Court, 123 Nev. 187, 190, 160 P.3d 873, 875 (2007). Rugamas' petition raises an important issue of law that needs clarification: the applicability of NRS 5......
-
Cox v. Dist. Ct.
...an underground irrigation pipeline. 2. NRS Chapter 39 governs actions for the partition of real property. 3. Schuster v. Dist. Ct., 123 Nev. ___, ___, 160 P.3d 873, 875 (2007). 4. Id. 5. See, e.g., Arrow Sand and Gravel, Inc. v. Superior Court, 38 Cal.3d 884, 215 Cal.Rptr. 288, 700 P.2d 129......
-
Clay v. Eighth Judicial Dist. Court of State
...jurisdiction, this court may exercise its discretion to consider a petition for extraordinary relief.” Schuster v. Eighth Judicial Dist. Court, 123 Nev. 187, 190, 160 P.3d 873, 875 (2007). Applying these considerations, we exercise our discretion to consider the petition as to the alleged v......