Schwartz v. Bender Investments, Inc.

• Decision Date: 28 June 1971
• Citation: 279 A.2d 100,58 N.J. 444
• Parties: Irving J. SCHWARTZ and Sylvia H. Schwartz, his wife, Plaintiffs-Respondents, v. BENDER INVESTMENTS, INC., a New Jersey corporation, et al., Defendants-Appellants.
• Court: New Jersey Supreme Court

Page 444

58 N.J. 444

279 A.2d 100

Irving J. SCHWARTZ and Sylvia H. Schwartz, his wife, Plaintiffs-Respondents, v. BENDER INVESTMENTS, INC., a New Jersey corporation, et al.,

Defendants-Appellants.

Supreme Court of New Jersey.

Argued May 11, 1971.

Decided June 28, 1971.

John S. Bender, Short Hills, for appellants.

Andrew M. Epstein, Elizabeth, for respondents (Epstein, Epstein, Brown, Bosek & Turndorf, Elizabeth, attorneys; Andrew M. Epstein, Elizabeth, on the brief).

PER CURIAM.

On August 20, 1969 defendant, Bender Investments, Inc., made and delivered to plaintiffs a note in the principal sum of $2,900. The note was secured by a mortgage executed and delivered by the same defendant covering properties in Orange and East Orange. Payment of the obligation evidenced by the note was guaranteed by the individual defendants, John S. Bender and Margaret I. Bender, his wife. The debt being in default, plaintiffs commenced suit in the Essex County District Court on the note and on the individual guaranties. Various defenses were interposed and plaintiffs moved for summary judgment. Upon the argument on the motion defendants, in open court, waived all defenses except the contention that no action could be brought on the note until the mortgage had been first foreclosed. The motion was granted and judgment entered in favor of plaintiffs against all defendants in the amount of $2,692.93 together with costs. While defendants' appeal was pending in the Appellate Division, this court granted certification.

It has long been settled law in New Jersey that when an indebtedness is evidenced by a note and secured by a mortgage, suit may be brought on the note without first foreclosing the mortgage. Asbury Park and Ocean Grove Bank v. Giordano, 3 N.J.Misc. 555, 129 A. 202 (Sup.Ct.1925), aff'd o.b. 103 N.J.L. 171, 134 A. 915 (E. & A. 1926); Chodash v. Schlesinger, 119 N.J.L. 405, 196 A. 731 (E. & A. 1938); Silver v. Williams, 72 N.J.Super. 564, 568, 178 A.2d 649 (App.Div.1962). On the contrary where the indebtedness is evidenced by a Bond rather than by a note, an action must first be brought to foreclose the mortgage. This rather anomalous result rests upon the language of N.J.S.A. 2A:50--2 which directs that where both a bond and mortgage have been given for the same debt, the mortgage must first be foreclosed before suit is brought on the bond. The satute, as indicated by the cases cited above, has been interpreted as having no applicability where the indebtedness is evidenced, not by a bond, but by a note.

In 79--83 Thirteenth Ave., Ltd. v. De Marco, 44 N.J. 525, 210 A.2d 401 (1965), this court rather comprehensively reviewed the history of this procedural dichotomy and dwelt at some length, both in the majority and concurring opinions, upon the injustices that result from the continued application of the rule, discriminating, as it does, against note-mortgagors. In that case the mortgagee, having first foreclosed its mortgage, instituted an action at law for a deficiency. Defendant mortgagor sought to prove the fair market value of the property at the time of the foreclosure sale and to require that the amount so determined be credited against the mortgage debt. This protective procedure is expressly made available to bond-mortgagors by the terms of N.J.S.A. 2A:50--3. This court held, for reasons fully set forth in its opinion, that this statutory relief was not available to note-mortgagors, to whom the statute was held not to apply. It was stated however, that similar relief would, in a proper case, be made available to a notemortgagor, to be fashioned under general equitable principles in response to the justified needs made manifest in each particular case. Both in the majority and concurring opinions filed in that case the conclusion was expressed that the problem could best be resolved by legislative action. De Marco, supra, at 530, 540, 210 A.2d 401. We are still of this view.

One week before the opinion in De Marco was published a bill had been introduced in the Legislature (Assembly, No. 755), seeking to amend Chapter 50 of Title 2A in all respects necessary to make identical the procedure to be followed in collecting the debt regardless of whether a note or bond were used; in all cases there was first to be a foreclosure of the mortgage. A statement accompanying the bill read,

The purpose of this statute is to prevent a multiplicity of actions for the recovery of a debt secured by a mortgage and to require exhaustion of the security afforded by a mortgage before a personal action may be brought upon the debt and To give the makers of a note the same protection in a deficiency suit that the obligors of a bond now have. (Emphasis added)

No action was taken on this bill and it apparently died in committee.

In May, 1969 a very similar bill was introduced, (Assembly, No. 925). The statement of purpose submitted with...