Senner v. Senner

• Decision Date: 04 November 2003
• Docket Number: No. COA02-1427.,COA02-1427.
• Citation: 161 NC App. 78,587 S.E.2d 675
• Parties: Joe F. SENNER, Plaintiff, v. Lisa SENNER, Defendant.
• Court: North Carolina Court of Appeals

587 S.E.2d 675

161 NC App. 78

Joe F. SENNER, Plaintiff, v. Lisa SENNER, Defendant.

No. COA02-1427.

Court of Appeals of North Carolina.

November 4, 2003.

Kurtz & Blum, PLLC, by Paula K. McGrann, Raleigh, for plaintiff-appellant.

Lynne M. Garnett, Raleigh, for defendant-appellee.

WYNN, Judge.

Plaintiff-father, Joe F. Senner, appeals the 24 June 2002 order awarding primary custody of his two minor children to their defendant-mother, Lisa Senner. We uphold the trial court's order finding that the best interest of the children supported awarding primary custody to Ms. Senner.

Plaintiff and defendant married in 1992; had two children during their marriage; moved in 1998 from Texas to North Carolina; and separated on 5 December 1999 when defendant moved out of the marital home. On 10 December 1999, plaintiff filed a complaint, which included a claim for custody of the children. One week later, plaintiff moved back to Texas with the children.

Under temporary consent orders dated 7 January 2000 and 10 March 2000, the trial court awarded (without prejudice to either party) primary custody of the children to plaintiff and weekend visitation rights to defendant. On 7 November 2001, defendant moved to modify custody alleging a substantial change in circumstances had occurred since entry of the March 2000 temporary consent order. By order dated 24 June 2002 nunc pro tunc 25 April 2002, the trial court concluded, inter alia, "It is in the best interests of the minor children that Defendant be awarded their primary custody." Plaintiff appeals.

On appeal, plaintiff asserts the trial court erroneously: (I) modified the March 2000 custody order under the best interest standard; (II) failed to find North Carolina was the home state for the children; and (III) denied plaintiff's Rule 59 and 60 motions to amend or grant relief.

Plaintiff first asserts the trial court erred by considering the March 2000 custody order a temporary order under which the standard for determining custody would be the best interest of the children. Instead, plaintiff argues, the trial court should have found the March 2000 custody order to be a final order requiring the trial court to apply a substantial change of circumstances test in determining the issue of custody. To support this contention, plaintiff relies upon La-Valley v. LaValley, 151 N.C.App. 290, 564 S.E.2d 913 (2002) for the proposition that the twenty-month delay from the March 2000 order until defendant filed her motion to modify in November 2001 was unreasonable; and, since the matter had not been set for hearing within a reasonable time, the "temporary consent order" was converted into a final order. We disagree.

An initial custody determination requires a custody award to such person "as will best promote the interest and welfare of the child." N.C. Gen.Stat. § 50-13.2 (2001). Subsequent modification of a custody order requires a "showing of changed circumstances...." N.C. Gen.Stat. § 50-13.7 (2001). Generally, "[i]f a child custody order is temporary in nature and the matter is again set for hearing, the trial court is to determine custody using the best interests of the child test without requiring either party to show a substantial change in circumstances." LaValley v. LaValley, 151 N.C.App. 290, 292, 564 S.E.2d 913, 915 (2002).

Under two recent cases, this Court held that an order is temporary if either (1) it is entered without prejudice to either party, (2) it states a clear and specific reconvening time in the order and the time interval between the two hearings was reasonably brief; or (3) the order does not determine all the issues. Id.; Lamond v. Mahoney, ___ N.C.App. ___, ___, 583 S.E.2d 656, 659 (2003) (citing Brewer v. Brewer, 139 N.C.App. 222, 228, 533 S.E.2d 541, 546 (2000)).

In the case at bar, the order stated that it was entered "without prejudice to either party." Thus, under LaValley, this language was "sufficient to support a determination the Order was temporary." LaValley, 151 N.C.App. at 292, 564 S.E.2d at 915.

Nonetheless, LaValley and Brewer further provide that where neither party sets the matter for a hearing within a reasonable time, the "temporary" order is converted into a final order. Brewer v. Brewer, 139 N.C.App. 222, 228, 533 S.E.2d 541, 546 (2000); LaValley, 151 N.C.App. at 292-93, 564 S.E.2d at 915. In LaValley, this Court explained the reasonableness of the time "must be addressed on a case-by-case basis" but held that under the facts present in LaValley, twenty-three months was unreasonable. LaValley, 151 N.C.App. at 293 n. 6, 564 S.E.2d at 915 n. 6. In Brewer, this Court held "that a year between hearings is too long `in a case where there are no unresolved issues....' " Lamond, ___ N.C.App. ___, at ___, 583 S.E.2d at 659 (quoting Brewer, 139 N.C.App. at 228, 533 S.E.2d at 546).

In this case, while plaintiff asserts the twenty-month period between the March 2000 order and the November 2001 filing for modification thereof was not reasonable, the record shows evidence that during that period of time, the parties were negotiating a new arrangement where she would move to Texas and the parties would share joint custody of the children on an alternating two-week basis. When those negotiations broke down, defendant sought a modification of the temporary custody order. In light of these facts, we hold that plaintiff has failed to show that the delay of twenty months in filing the motion for change of custody was unreasonable. Accordingly, we uphold the trial court's determination that the March 2000 temporary order did not convert into a permanent order.

Moreover, even assuming for the sake of argument, that the March 2000 order did convert into a final order requiring the trial court to apply the change of circumstances standard, we note that the trial court ruled alternatively that "a substantial change in circumstances has occurred since entry of the [March 2000] Consent Order for Custody which justifies a modification of that Order." Specifically, the trial court found as fact the following circumstances had changed since the March 2000 order: defendant has remarried and plaintiff is engaged to be married; defendant lives with her new husband; plaintiff had moved into a home with his fiancee, her two children, his oldest son, A.J. and the parties' sons, Dylan and Matthew; plaintiff interfered with defendant's relationship with her sons, by denying her visitation and telephone contact, failing to keep her updated as to their school activities and events, refusing to list defendant with the children's school and daycare thereby denying her access to the children's records, and lying about events in the children's lives. Plaintiff does not assert that these findings are not supported by competent evidence and accordingly, they are binding on appeal. Koufman v. Koufman, 330 N.C. 93, 97, 408 S.E.2d 729, 731 (1991) ("Where no exception is taken to afinding of fact by the trial court, the finding is presumed to be supported by competent evidence and is binding on appeal").

Moreover, again laboring under the assumption that the March 2000 temporary consent order converted into a final order, plaintiff asserts the trial court did not place the burden on defendant to prove a substantial change in circumstances. We disagree. Evidence supporting the findings was brought forth by defendant, and the trial court stated that based on the evidence and findings, a substantial change in circumstances occurred. The burden was placed on defendant, and the trial court found defendant met her burden. Therefore, even if the March 2000 order had converted into a final order, the trial court nevertheless found a substantial change in circumstances occurred, as required for custody modification. Thus, while we uphold the trial court's determination that the March 2002 order was a temporary order under which the standard of the best interest of the children applied, we further note that in this case, the order would withstand the greater burden of showing a change of circumstances even if it had converted into a permanent order.

Plaintiff next asserts that there was insufficient evidence to show that contact between his minor son A.J. was detrimental to the minor children. The record shows that A.J. reportedly sexually abused one of the younger children during the marriage of the parties, was removed from the residence, and returned to live with plaintiff and the children after the parties separated.

"In a custody proceeding, the trial court's findings of fact are conclusive on appeal if there is evidence to support them, even though the evidence might sustain findings to the contrary." Rosero v. Blake, 357 N.C. 193, 209, 581 S.E.2d 41, 51 (2003) (quoting Owenby v. Young, 357 N.C. 142, 147, 579 S.E.2d 264, 268 (2003)). The court found a history of abuse between A.J. and one of the minor children. This finding is amply supported by defendant's exhibits containing the initial report of abuse. The trial court further found as fact the plaintiff did not recognize the seriousness of the abusive incidents, its impact on his younger child, or the impact on that child of living with his abuser. Plaintiff's testimony supports this finding.¹ "The court need not wait for any adverse effects on the child to manifest themselves before the court can alter custody." Evans v. Evans, 138 N.C.App. 135, 140, 530 S.E.2d 576, 579 (2000). We find the trial court's findings of fact are supported by the evidence and the implied detrimental effect of the minor child living with his abuser is not too speculative to be considered in support of the conclusion that a substantial change in circumstances had occurred since the March 2000 order.

Plaintiff also asserts the court did not properly weigh defendant's extramarital affairs and the fact the children were thriving with plaintiff. However, in child custody determinations the weight of the evidence is within the province of the...