Settle v. St. Louis & San Francisco Railroad Company

• Decision Date: 12 March 1895
• Citation: 30 S.W. 125,127 Mo. 336
• Parties: Settle v. The St. Louis & San Francisco Railroad Company, Appellant
• Court: Missouri Supreme Court

30 S.W. 125

127 Mo. 336

Settle v. The St. Louis & San Francisco Railroad Company, Appellant

Supreme Court of Missouri, First Division

March 12, 1895

Appeal from Lawrence Circuit Court. -- Hon. W. M. Robinson, Judge.

Affirmed.

E. D Kenna, L. F. Parker and H. S. Abbott for appellant.

(1) There is absolutely no evidence of negligence on the part of defendant, and the court properly so instructs the jury. Cotton v. Wood, 8 C. B. (N. S.) 568; Bothwell v Railroad, 59 Iowa 192; Railroad v. State, 71 Md. 590; Paris v. Company, 15 Wall. 524; Wharton on Negligence, sec. 421; Railroad v. Schertle, 97 Pa St. 450; Baulec v. Railroad, 59 N.Y. 356. (2) There is no evidence from which it can fairly be inferred that the bent condition of the handhold in any way contributed to the accident which resulted in the death of the plaintiff's husband. Orth v. Railroad, 47 Minn. 384; Hughes v. Railroad, 91 Ky. 526; Wintuska's Adm'r v. Railroad, 20 S.W. 819; Mining Company v. Kitts, 42 Mich. 34; Railroad v. Allen's Adm'r, 78 Ala. 494; Railroad v. Dowell, 62 Iowa 629; Asbach v. Railroad, 74 Iowa 248; Ash v. Verlenden, 154 Pa. St. 246; Railroad v. State, 73 Md. 74; Perkins v. Railroad, 103 Mo. 52; Yarnell v. Railroad, 113 Mo. 570. (3) The condition of the handhold was obvious, and the accident to plaintiff's husband was one of the risks incident to his employment. Hathaway v. Railroad, 51 Mich. 253; Thomas v. Railroad, 109 Mo. 187; Fugler v. Bothe, 117 Mo. 475; Williams v. Railroad, 119 Mo. 316.

Cloud & Davies and T. D. Steele for respondent.

(1) The condition of the handhold is undisputed and it shows negligence on defendant's part. Gutridge v. Railroad, 94 Mo. 474; Sullivan v. Railroad, 97 Mo. 113; Condon v. Railroad, 78 Mo. 567. (2) The evidence was sufficient to justify the inference that the condition of the handhold was the cause of the injury. Soeder v. Railroad, 100 Mo. 673. The presumption exists that deceased was exercising due care. Flynn v. Railroad, 78 Mo. 195; Buesching v. Gas Co., 73 Mo. 229. (3) Deceased has the right to assume that defendant would furnish him with reasonably safe machinery. Parsons v. Railroad, 94 Mo. 195; Condon v. Railroad, 78 Mo. 567; Abel v. President, etc., 128 N.Y. 662; Railroad v. Triplett, 15 S.W. 831; Lanigan v. Railroad, 72 Mo. 392.

OPINION

Macfarlane, J.

Plaintiff sues, under the provisions of the laws of the state of Kansas, for the death of her husband, William F. Settle, which occurred in said state in January, 1892, while in the employment of defendant as a brakeman.

The petition contains three counts, which do not differ materially in their averments of negligence. The charge of negligence is that the handhold, on the end of one of defendant's cars, which was provided for the use of plaintiff and other brakemen, was permitted "to get out of repair and in dangerous condition, having been mashed in so it could not be readily grasped with the hand, and that by reason thereof, while deceased was performing his duties he lost his hold and fell from the car, and was run over, receiving injuries from which he died." The answer was a general denial.

At the close of the evidence offered by plaintiff, the court directed a verdict for defendant. This verdict the court afterward set aside, on motion of plaintiff, and granted a new trial, and from this order defendant appealed. The only question to determine, therefore, is whether there was evidence of negligence and the resulting death therefrom, which should have been submitted to the jury; if there was, then the new trial was properly granted, if not, then judgment should be entered upon the verdict for defendant.

Plaintiff's husband was rear brakeman on one of defendant's trains, and at the time had charge of switching some cars, the conductor being temporarily absent. The work immediately in hand was to take a car from one track and place it upon another. This, deceased undertook to do by making what is known as a running switch. To do this it was necessary to couple the car to the engine and pull it toward the switch, to uncouple it from the engine and after the engine had passed to turn the switch and let the car go in on the side track. This operation required the car to be uncoupled from the engine while they were in rapid motion.

This was a box car and had, on the end and near the corner, a foothold for brakeman to stand upon. This was fixed near the bottom of the car. About three feet, ten inches above this was a handhold. These were similarly constructed and consisted of an iron rod about one inch in diameter, bent at the ends and fastened to the car with bolts. The holds were about eighteen inches long, and, when in proper condition, stood out from the car two or three inches. These holds were used in uncoupling cars while in motion. On the sides of the car near the end were similar holds, one above the other, making a ladder by means of which trainmen could go up and down the car. The handhold on the end of this car was bent or mashed in at the center to within an inch or less of the car, leaving, however, a sufficient hold of five or six inches at each end.

Plaintiff's husband undertook to handle the cars in making this running switch. The car was coupled to the engine and was run toward the switch. Deceased, being at the time on top of the car, went down the ladder, reached round the corner, took hold of the end handhold, and swung round the corner of the car, placing his feet upon the footrest at the bottom. When the proper momentum had been obtained, and the proper distance from the switch had been reached, he held with his left hand, standing with his feet on the hold at the bottom of the car, and reached down and drew the coupling pin, thereby uncoupling the car from the engine; the engine was then run forward, leaving the car to follow to the switch. Deceased was seen to assume these positions and make these movements. As soon as the engine pulled away from the car, deceased was seen, in an erect position, hanging to the handhold, his feet having slipped off the hold upon which he was standing. After hanging in that position for a moment his hand gave way and he fell upon the track and the car ran over him, causing his death.

The engineer testified: "I had started ahead and increased the speed of the engine, and got something like thirty feet from the car when I saw him drop down. He sort of dropped a little ways, and then retained himself for an instant, and then went down."

Worthington, telegraph operator, testified: "As they made the flying switch I saw the engine leave the car. I saw him hanging by his hands before his handhold loosened. His feet had slipped from the foothold. He was holding by his hands and held himself there for a moment. * * * I think he held with both hands. * * * He was upright, holding by his hands. His feet were not on the rest at all then."

This was the substance of the evidence as to the manner in which the accident occurred.

Defendant insists that the court properly directed a verdict for defendant, and that the court erred in granting the new trial.

I. The first proposition urged by defendant is that there was no evidence of negligence on the part of defendant, and for that reason the court properly instructed the jury.

This proposition can not be maintained. The handhold was a necessary appliance for performing the service required of deceased under his employment. The duty of defendant required the exercise of reasonable care to furnish a handhold suitable for the purpose, and to keep it in repair. The suitableness and efficiency of this handhold was shown to have been greatly impaired, and its condition was obvious to one making the most casual inspection. The handhold was necessary for the safe and prompt performance of one of the most perilous duties a brakeman is called upon to discharge, and it was a disregard of duty, amounting to negligence on the part of defendant, to send the car out in that defective condition.

II. It is next insisted that the evidence failed to show any causal connection between the bent condition of the handhold and the injury which resulted in the death of plaintiff's husband.

It is undoubtedly true, as insisted by defendant's counsel, that in actions for damages on account of negligence, plaintiff is bound to prove, not only the negligence, but that it was the cause of the damage. This causal connection must be proved by evidence, as a fact, and not be left to mere speculation and conjecture. The rule does not require, however, that there must be direct proof of the fact itself. This would often be impossible. It will be sufficient if the facts proved are of such a nature, and are so connected and related to each other that the conclusion therefrom may be fairly inferred.

The facts proved are that the handhold was bent in the center to such an extent as to prevent the hand from grasping it securely for a space of some six inches, while at each end there was a sufficient hold for one hand. Deceased held up most of his weight with one hand while he leaned over and with the other drew the pin. He then raised himself to an upright position and immediately his feet slipped from the end of the rod upon which he was standing. He was seen to swing by his hands a...