Shank v. Wilhite

• Decision Date: 16 July 1964
• Docket Number: No. 51332,51332
• Citation: 129 N.W.2d 662,256 Iowa 982
• Parties: Clayton SHANK, Berthel Shank, Appellees, v. Noah D. WILHITE, Appellant.
• Court: Iowa Supreme Court

Page 662

129 N.W.2d 662

256 Iowa 982

Clayton SHANK, Berthel Shank, Appellees, v. Noah D. WILHITE, Appellant.

No. 51332.

Supreme Court of Iowa.

July 16, 1964.

Herrick, Langdon, Sandblom & Belin, Des Moines, for appellant.

Steward, Crouch & Hopkins, Des Moines, for appellees.

PETERSON, Justice.

This is an action for damages arising out of a collision between a motorcycle driven by plaintiff, Clayton Shank, and an automobile driven by defendant, which collision occurred at Grand Ave. and 31st Street, Des Moines, at approximately 7:30 P.M., on June 7, 1960. Jury rendered verdict in favor of plaintiff for $20,000. Defendant has appealed.

We will denominate Clayton as plaintiff. His father was added only as to payment of doctor and hospital bills. When the case was tried Clayton was of age, and the court instructed the jury to place all items in one verdict, if they decided for plaintiff.

I. On June 7, 1960, plaintiff, Clayton Shank, decided to take a ride in the evening on his motorcycle. He invited his friend, Ronald Lee Hougham, to ride with him. Ronald was riding on a seat back of the driver's seat. Plaintiff proceeded west on Grand Avenue in Des Moines. He selected the northern outside driveway. Grand Avenue is a four lane street with two lanes carrying the traffic going east and two lanes carrying the traffic going west. He stopped for a street light at 19th Street and at that point he saw the car being driven by Mrs. Hervig, who was a witness in the case. The Shank motorcycle and the Hervig car ran along side by side going west for part of the time and then another part of the time Clayton would be driving his motorcycle a car length or perhaps two car lengths ahead of the Hervig car.

As the Shank motorcycle came near the point where 31st Street intersects Grand Avenue Clayton saw defendant from one hundred to two hundred feet away coming east on the eastbound lanes. Within a second or two he saw Mr. Wilhite, the driver of the car going east, still about 100 feet away, drive across the center line between the two eastbound and the two westbound routes of travel. Mr. Wilhite was apparrently headed for 31st Street. He testified he planned to go north on said street to get to his home. He and Mrs. Milhite had gone fishing about 4 o'clock and were returning from the fishing trip. He said he thought it was about 7 o'clock when the accident happened. As soon as plaintiff saw defendant drive across the center line, apparently headed for 31st Street, he put on his brakes. Investigation afterwards showed skid marks for a distance of 41 feet between the point where Clayton put on his brakes and where the collision occurred.

Mr. Shank explained in his testimony how it was impossible for him under those circumstances to make a square turn into 31st Street. He did testify he was looking for a place to get out in some manner, but was unable to find it. In the meantime Mr. Wilhite had turned more squarely into 31st Street. As closely as we can tell from the evidence the collision occurred about five or ten feet west of the west line of 31st Street and about five feet south of the north line of Grand Avenue.

The collision was so sudden and so drastic that both boys were thrown off the motorcycle. Mr. Shank was thrown up over the hood of Mr. Wilhite's car and over into the parking lane on the north side of Grand Avenue. Mr. Hougham was thrown off the motorcycle and fell down near defendant's right-hand front wheel. Mr. Stank and Mr. Hougham both testified they did not see the defendant give any signal as to turning into 31st Street. Defendant testified he had put on his mechanical signaling device.

Plaintiff was seriously injured. One of his ears was almost severed from his head. The doctor sewed it up and in due course it cleared up without too much difficulty. The greatest injuries suffered by plaintiff were to his right foot and left leg. The leg was what looked like being mashed in when the doctor removed his clothing. It developed afterwards he needed extensive surgery on the leg and later had to have skin grafting on an area about four by four inches. Plaintiff had very severe pains for the first few days. He was in the hospital 26 days. He was then on crutches and having some difficulty returning home, but in due course he practically recovered from his injuries. His youth and strength stood him well in hand. He was only 18 years old at the time of the injury.

II. Appellant assigned the following errors as relied upon for reversal. The trial court erred: 1. In the provisions of instructions 9, 10, 11 and 21. 2. In submitting the issue to the jury that defendant could be negligence in failing to give a signal as to his intention to turn. 3. In failing to give defendant's requested instructions. 4. In permitting plaintiff to amend his petition in the course of the trial. 5. In overruling defendant's motion for new trial without giving attention to the excessiveness of the verdict.

III. It is important and essential that all instructions be considered together in order that the jury may get the full import of the law as given by the trial judge. In re Will of Behrend, 233 Iowa 812, 818, 10 N.W.2d 651; Tilghman v. Chicago North Western R. R. Co., 253 Iowa 1339, 115 N.W.2d 165. In fact, this provision has not only been established and approved in many decision, but the same precaution and instruction appears in nearly all trial court instructions. In the case at bar the provision appears in the last paragraph of instruction No. 27.

It is sufficient if the substance of requested instructions, when a trial court refuses to give them, be included in the regular instructions prepared and given to the jury by a trial court. In re Iwers' Estate, 225 Iowa 389, 280 N.W. 579; Hamdorf v. Corrie, 251 Iowa 896, 101 N.W.2d 836.

IV. Appellant urges reversal on the basis of the trial court's instructions 9, 10, 11 and 21. The court's instruction No. 9 is the usual, general and ordinary instruction with reference to control of a motor vehicle by a driver. The instruction refers to both parties and provides that if either party does not have control of his vehicle he would be guilty of negligence.

Appellant's complaint is that the court in this particular instruction made a general statement as to control without making any application of that law to the facts of the case. There are incidental references to control of the vehicles under various circumstances in a number of the instructions. The jury upon receiving instruction No. 9 with reference to control knew that it pertained specifically to the case being tried and they had fresh in their mind all the facts of the case. There could be no question in their mind when the trial court spoke of control that he referred to the two motor vehicles involved in this case. Instruction No. 9 given by the trial court was not in error and had no elements within it, nor any elements left out, which would justify reversal.

Instructions Nos. 10 and 11 were given together by the trial court. The court quoted from the Code of Iowa with reference to a person making a turn with his vehicle, and continued with instructions as to the making of an 'appropriate signal' in connection with such turning. This is also the instruction stating what the signal should be when a driver is desirous of making a turn, and in the last paragraph stating that a violation of such statute by the defendant would be negligence.

In connection with consideration of instructions 10 and 11 we also desire to give...