Sign Plex v. Tholl
Decision Date | 02 May 2003 |
Citation | 863 So.2d 1113 |
Parties | SIGN PLEX v. Patrick Howard THOLL. |
Court | Alabama Court of Civil Appeals |
Bennett L. Pugh, Joseph H. Driver, and Holly H. Bazemore of Carr, Allison, Pugh, Howard, Oliver & Sisson, P.C., Birmingham, for appellant.
Robert W. Lee, Jr., and Wendy N. Thornton of Lee & Thornton, P.C., Birmingham, for appellee.
This is an appeal from a judgment in a workers' compensation action finding an injury compensable and awarding temporary total disability benefits.
On February 8, 2001, Patrick Howard Tholl ("the employee") sued Sign Plex ("the employer") seeking workers' compensation benefits based upon an accident the employee alleged had occurred in January 1999, while he was in the line and scope of his employment. The employer filed an answer, denying the allegations of the complaint. On July 8, 2002, the trial court held a hearing concerning whether the employee's injury was compensable under the Alabama Workers' Compensation Act; that court found the employee's injury to be compensable and awarded temporary total disability benefits under the Act. On July 12, 2002, the employer filed a motion requesting the trial court to vacate its compensability determination; the trial court denied that motion.
The employer appealed from the trial court's July 8, 2002, ruling. The employee filed a motion to dismiss the appeal; in the motion he contended that the appeal was not taken from a final judgment. The employer filed a response, citing BE & K, Inc. v. Weaver, 743 So.2d 476 (Ala.Civ.App. 1999), as authority for its position that it is entitled to an immediate appeal. This court initially denied the motion to dismiss the appeal. Having had the opportunity to review the record in its entirety, however, we conclude that the employee is correct.
In BE & K, supra, we noted that an appellate court is without jurisdiction to review a matter where no final judgment has been entered. 743 So.2d at 478. We further noted that the determination whether a judgment is final does not depend on the title or label given the judgment; rather, that determination depends on whether the judgment sufficiently ascertains and declares the rights of the parties. Id. at 478-79.
We have recently dismissed appeals in two workers' compensation cases based upon the failure of the judgment appealed from to sufficiently ascertain and declare the rights of the parties, thereby rendering the trial court's judgments nonfinal. See USA Motor Express, Inc. v. Renner, 853 So.2d 1019 (Ala.Civ.App.2003)
; Homes of Legend, Inc. v. O'Neal, 855 So.2d 536 (Ala.Civ.App.2003).
In Renner, the employee requested a hearing solely on the issue whether his injury was compensable under the Workers' Compensation Act. The trial court entered an order finding that the employee's injury had arisen out of and in the course of his employment and directing the employer to provide medical treatment. The trial court order did not award temporary-total-disability benefits. In Renner, we noted that we had recently held that an order that simply determines compensability without also determining the amount or type of benefits to which an employee may be entitled will not support an appeal, because such an order does not sufficiently ascertain the rights and obligations of the parties as to be a final judgment. See International Paper Co. v. Dempsey, 844 So.2d 1236 (Ala.Civ.App.2002)
.
In O'Neal, the employee sued both his employers, both former and subsequent, based on injuries he suffered on the job. The trial court scheduled a hearing on the employee's motion to compel payment for medical services, which in essence sought a determination of which employer was responsible for the employee's medical expenses. One employer, Homes of Legend, was ordered to pay the employee's medical expenses, and Homes of Legend appealed. On appeal, we noted:
In the instant case, the parties agreed to try only the issue of compensability, and the trial court has adjudicated only the issue of compensability at this stage of the action. The parties stipulated to the employee's average weekly wage, but failed to list an amount under the heading "TTD" (temporary total disability). The trial court's order found the employee's injury compensable, apparently rejecting the statute-of-limitations defense asserted by the employer, and awarded temporary total disability benefits; however, the order did not specify any amount of benefits accrued and owing as of the time of the order.
After a thorough review of the record, we conclude that the trial court's order resolved only the issue of compensability; it contained no provision pertaining to benefits accrued and payable at the time the order was entered. As we did in Dempsey, we must dismiss the employer's appeal because the trial court's order does not "`sufficiently ascertain[] and declare[] the rights of the parties'" so as to constitute a final judgment that would support an appeal. 844 So.2d at 1237 (quoting Ex parte DCH Reg'l Med. Ctr., 571 So.2d 1162, 1164 (Ala.Civ.App.1990)).
Because we have concluded that the appeal must be dismissed as not being from a final judgment, we need not now decide whether the order from which the appeal was taken was or was not correct. However, in entering a final judgment on remand, the trial court should state both its findings of fact and its conclusions of law. See § 25-5-88, Ala.Code 1975. The following is well settled:
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