Sisson v. State
Decision Date | 01 April 1998 |
Docket Number | No. A98A0226.,A98A0226. |
Citation | 232 Ga. App. 61,499 S.E.2d 422 |
Parties | SISSON v. The STATE. |
Court | Georgia Court of Appeals |
OPINION TEXT STARTS HERE
J. Guy Sharpe, Jr., Marietta, for appellant.
Barry E. Morgan, Solicitor, Lawton W. Scott, Assistant Solicitor, for appellee. McMURRAY, Presiding Judge.
Defendant was tried before a jury and found guilty of driving under the influence of alcohol ("DUI") in violation of OCGA § 40-6-391(a)(1) (less safe driver) and no proof of insurance. The evidence at trial revealed that on the night in question, defendant quarreled with his girl friend, Pam Mullins. Defendant had come home "intoxicated enough for [the couple] to have an argument." When Mullins tried to call 911, defendant "jerked the phone out of [her] hands, threw it on the floor and broke it." From a pay phone, Mullins telephoned the police and told them she and defendant Officer Tumey initiated a traffic stop and "asked the driver for his license and insurance card." Defendant Officer Tumey An alco-sensor tested positive for alcohol. "After [Officer Tumey] administer[ed] that test, [defendant] made a comment... that he did have a few beers...." Defendant was unable to touch the tip of his nose with his right and left index fingers. Defendant informed Officer Tumey as to the lateness of the hour. Defendant's
At that point, defendant was placed under arrest and read his implied consent warnings. Mullins came to the scene and took custody of defendant's 14-year-old son. When Officer Tumey attempted to administer a breath test at the precinct, he admonished defendant They "did this approximately four times, and all four times he [defendant] would just give a quick, little short breath...." Officer Tumey "offered [defendant] the test again for his benefit of the doubt [but defendant] refused to take the test again...." Officer Tumey again read defendant his implied consent warnings and Based on Officer Tumey's training and experience, and his observation of defendant's mannerisms and demeanor, he was of the opinion that defendant "was a less safe driver...." Deputy Earl Head of the Carroll County Sheriff's Office and formerly with the traffic unit of the City of Rockmart Police Department related the circumstances of defendant's July 16, 1994 arrest and subsequent conviction for "DUI [in the] Recorders Court—Rockmart[, Polk County, Georgia]." Defendant's blood alcohol concentration was "13 grams [sic] at 16:22 hours."
The jury found defendant guilty as charged on each count. Defendant's direct appeal to the Supreme Court of Georgia was determined to "involve the application and not the construction and interpretation of the Georgia Constitution, [and so] this case [was] transferred to the Court of Appeals." Held:
1. Defendant first contends he was denied equal protection under Art. I, Sec. I, Par. II of the 1983 Georgia Constitution, arguing that "[p]ursuant to OCGA § 24-9-103 [(b)(1) and (2)], hearing impaired persons are given preferential treatment [because] the law provides that no evidence can be obtained from hearing impaired persons, during the first hour following an arrest, without the presence of an interpreter." Since defendant is not hearing impaired, he claims he is unfairly subject to roadside questioning about the state of his sobriety during "a critical period during which time people arrested for DUI may reduce the quantity of alcohol in the body to a level below the DUI threshold." The trial court concluded "the State can and does make exceptions to compensate for people who are suffering under handicaps...."
(a) "There are three standards generally accepted for determining constitutionality under the Equal Protection Provisions of both the U.S. and [Georgia] Constitutions: (1) The rational relationship test; (2) The intermediate level of scrutiny; and (3) The strict judicial scrutiny standard." (Citation and punctuation omitted.) McDaniel v. Thomas, 248 Ga. 632, 638(III), 285 S.E.2d 156. DUI suspects who are not themselves hearing impaired do not constitute a suspect classification nor do they implicate a fundamental right for equal protection analysis such as to implicate strict scrutiny. Nor does such classification invoke the intermediate scrutiny of gender-based classifications. Consequently, the standard of review is the rational basis standard.
(b) Henry v. State, 263 Ga. 417, 418, 434 S.E.2d 469.
In our view, defendant cannot meet either prong of this test. He conceded he "has perfectly good hearing," and so he is not similarly situated to hearing-impaired DUI suspects who, in the absence of a translator, are not interrogated or read their implied consent warnings for up to one hour. Secondly, Allen v. State, 218 Ga.App. 844, 846(1), 847, 463 S.E.2d 522. In the case sub judice, defendant failed to meet his burden to show the procedure whereby criminal suspects who are hearing impaired are not interrogated for up to one hour except in the presence of a translator is arbitrary or otherwise not rationally related to a legitimate state interest. See Gaines v. State, 260 Ga. 267, 268, 392 S.E.2d 524.
2. Next, defendant contends he was denied the right to confront his accuser, as guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution and Art. I, Sec. I, Par. XIV of the 1983 Georgia Constitution. In this regard, he complains of the admission into evidence of State's Exhibit 1, which is the Georgia Bureau of Investigation Certificate of Inspection for "breath testing instrument, [serial number] XX-XXXXXX." Attached to this certificate are printouts purporting to be the test results from the inspection as performed by Trooper R.M. Webb, the signatory to the certificate. Defendant argues "the test results should not have been tendered in the trial as evidence along with the certificate required by OCGA § 40-6-392(f)."
At trial, defendant interposed objections based on hearsay, denial of cross-examination of Trooper Webb, and best evidence. Officer Tumey was then permitted to offer foundation evidence. He testified he knew R.M. Webb is a state trooper; that Trooper Webb is the implied consent area supervisor whose duty it is to "go around to all of our Intox machines and to inspect them and calibrate them and make sure they are working properly"; that "Trooper Webb run[s] a test on the machine when he inspects it quarterly[; and that] he [ran] a test on the machine when he inspected it on January 2nd, 1996." Officer Tumey identified the attachments to the inspection certificate as "[a] printout of the machine and the test that Trooper Webb ran on it."
In our view, this was an adequate foundation to admit the printouts as business records under OCGA § 24-3-14(b), in that it was in the regular course of Trooper Webb's business to perform such a test, and these printouts were the result of one of those tests conducted in the regular course of Trooper Webb's duties. Consequently, Stewart v. State, 246 Ga. 70, 73(3), 74, n. 2, 268 S.E.2d 906.
3. In the third enumeration, defendant contends the trial court erred in admitting evidence of a prior incident of driving under the influence of alcohol. Relying on Old Chief v. United States, 519 U.S. 172, 117 S.Ct. 644, 136 L.Ed.2d 574,1 h...
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