Smith v. Laurenz Place LLC

• Decision Date: 25 June 2019
• Docket Number: Court of Appeals Case No. 19A-SC-36
• Citation: 127 N.E.3d 1250
• Parties: Jacqueline SMITH, Appellant, v. LAURENZ PLACE LLC, Appellee.
• Court: Indiana Appellate Court

127 N.E.3d 1250

Jacqueline SMITH, Appellant,

v.LAURENZ PLACE LLC, Appellee.

Court of Appeals Case No. 19A-SC-36

Court of Appeals of Indiana.

Filed June 25, 2019

Attorney for Appellant: Richard E. Bryant, The Law Office of Richard E. Bryant, P.C., Goshen, Indiana

Bailey, Judge.

Case Summary

[1] In Cause No. 71D02-1803-SC-2509 ("Cause 2509"), Jacqueline Smith ("Smith") was sued by her former landlord, Laurenz Place LLC ("Laurenz Place"), for an alleged breach of a lease. The parties reached a settlement and Smith vacated the premises without an admission of breach. Subsequently, Laurenz Place returned Smith's security deposit, reduced by $650.00, and Smith filed the instant lawsuit, Cause No. 71D03-1807-SC-6813 ("Cause 6813"). Laurenz Place counterclaimed for damages and for attorney's fees in both causes.

[2] The small claims court entered judgment for Smith in the amount of $1,650.00 (for unlawful retention of the security deposit and attorney's fees in Cause 6813). Despite the prior settlement and Smith having prevailed on her claim, the court entered judgment for Laurenz Place in the amount of $1,696.00 (for damages and attorney's fees for both causes). Smith now appeals the judgment on the counterclaim.

She presents the issue of whether the small claims court clearly erred in awarding Laurenz Place damages and attorney's fees. We reverse.

Facts and Procedural History

[3] On March 6, 2018, Laurenz Place gave Smith notice to vacate her rented apartment; eight days later, Laurenz Place filed a claim against Smith for immediate possession. On the date that the small claims hearing was scheduled, the parties – both represented by counsel – reached an agreement. Smith agreed to vacate the apartment on or before April 30, 2018 and pay the existing balance on her rent account. Laurenz Place agreed to dismiss its small claims complaint so that Smith would not have an eviction of record. The South Bend Housing Authority issued checks for Smith's accrued rent, which were accepted and deposited by Laurenz Place.¹

[4] Thereafter, Laurenz Place sent Smith an itemization of alleged damages and a check for $269.00. This represented the balance of Smith's $919.00 deposit, after deductions of $100.00 for carpet cleaning, $100.00 for water, and $450.00 for attorney's fees incurred in Cause 2509. On July 11, 2018, Smith filed her complaint in Cause 6813, requesting refund of her deposit, moving expenses of $2,000.00, and attorney's fees. On September 6, 2018, Laurenz Place filed a counterclaim.

[5] The small claims court conducted a hearing on September 20, 2018, at which the parties offered documentary and testimonial evidence. On October 4, 2018, the court issued an order. The court concluded that Smith was not entitled to moving expenses for a wrongful eviction, having reached agreement with Laurenz Place in Cause No. 2509. However, the court found that Laurenz Place had wrongfully withheld $450.00 in attorney's fees from Smith's security deposit. Laurenz Place was ordered to refund Smith $450.00 of the deposit and pay her $1,200.00 in attorney's fees in Cause 6813.² However, the court awarded Laurenz Place $650.00 (equivalent to the deduction from Smith's security deposit) and $1,046.00 in attorney's fees for pursuing its defense and counterclaim in Cause 6813.

[6] Smith filed a motion to correct error, which was summarily denied. Laurenz Place, having been awarded $1,696.00 and ordered to pay Smith $1,650.00, moved the small claims court to offset the judgments. The court entered an order of offset.³ Smith now appeals.

Discussion and Decision

[7] Smith contends that the small claims court erred by awarding Laurenz Place damages despite its non-compliance with Indiana's Security Deposits Statute, Indiana Code Section 32-31-3 et seq. , and by awarding Laurenz Place attorney's fees absent a statutory or contractual basis.

[8] We review a small claims court's judgment for clear error.

Bokori v. Martinoski , 70 N.E.3d 441, 443 (Ind. Ct. App. 2017). A deferential standard of review is particularly important in small claims actions, where trials are informal, with the sole objective of dispensing speedy justice between the parties according to the rules of substantive law. Lae v. Householder , 789 N.E.2d 481, 483 (Ind. 2003). Laurenz Place did not file an appellee's brief, "and thus we may reverse upon a prima facie showing of reversible error – but even so, we still may not reweigh evidence or reassess witness credibility." Bokori , 70 N.E.3d at 444. "Prima facie error in this context is defined as, at first sight, on first appearance, or on the face of it." Trinity Homes, LLC v. Fang , 848 N.E.2d 1065, 1068 (Ind. 2006).

[9] Indiana Code Section 32-31-3-13 dictates that a security deposit may only be used for: (1) reimbursement for actual damages to the rental unit not the result of ordinary wear and tear; (2) to pay for rent in arrearage under the rental agreement and rent due for premature termination; (3) to pay for the last month's rent upon the parties' stipulation; or (4) reimbursement for unpaid utility or sewer charges for which the tenant is obligated.

[10] Indiana Code Section 32-31-3-12 provides in relevant part:

(a) Upon termination of a rental agreement, a landlord shall return to the tenant the security deposit minus any amount applied to:

(1) the payment of accrued rent;

(2) the amount of damages that the landlord has suffered or will reasonably suffer by reason of the tenant's noncompliance with law or the rental agreement; and

(3) unpaid utility or sewer charges that the tenant is obligated to pay under the rental agreement;

all as itemized by the landlord with the amount due in a written notice that is delivered to the tenant not more than forty-five (45) days after termination of the rental agreement and delivery of possession. ...

(b) If a landlord fails to comply with subsection (a), a tenant may recover all of the security deposit due the tenant and reasonable attorney's fees.

[11] Indiana Code Section 32-31-3-14 requires that the itemized list of damages include the estimated cost of repair for each damaged item and specify the lease on which the landlord intends to assess the tenant. Pursuant to Indiana Code Section 32-31-3-15, "[f]ailure by a landlord to provide notice of damages under section 14 of this chapter constitutes agreement by the landlord that no damages are due, and the landlord must remit to the tenant immediately the full security deposit." A landlord who fails to comply with sections 14 and 15 "is liable to the tenant in an amount equal to the part of the deposit withheld by the landlord plus reasonable attorney's fees and court costs." I.C. § 32-31-3-16. "A waiver of th[e] chapter by a landlord or tenant is void." I.C. § 32-31-3-17.

[12] The Security Deposit Statute is in derogation of the common law and thus is to be strictly construed. Miller v. Geels , 643 N.E.2d 922, 927 (Ind. Ct. App. 1994), trans. denied . Its primary aim is to provide for the timely return of the security deposit and to protect a tenant from wrongful withholding by the landlord. Eppl v. DiGiacomo , 946 N.E.2d 646, 650 (Ind. Ct. App. 2011). "Failure to refund and supply the itemized list results in a waiver of any claim for damages and exposes the landlord to liability for the tenant's attorney fees." Lae , 789 N.E.2d at 485. And providing an itemization where claimed damages are "lumped" together as "other damages" is fatal to statutory compliance.

Pinnacle Prop. v. Saulka , 693 N.E.2d 101, 104 (Ind. Ct. App. 1998).

[13] Here, the small claims court found that Laurenz Place had timely provided Smith with the requisite statutory notice but also determined that Laurenz Place had included a deduction not encompassed by the statute, that is, attorney's fees. Smith argues that Laurenz Place's inclusion of the attorney's fees constitutes "fail[ure] to comply with subsection (a)" of Indiana Code Section 32-31-3-12 and thus Laurenz Place waived any claim for damages. We do not interpret the statutory language so narrowly.

[14] We seek to give practical application to a statute, and to avoid results that are absurd, a hardship, or unjust. Suggs v. State , 51 N.E.3d 1190, 1194 (Ind...