Smith v. Squires Timber Co.

• Decision Date: 17 February 1993
• Docket Number: No. 23829,23829
• Court: South Carolina Supreme Court
• Parties: James Albert SMITH (Deceased), Jeanette D. Smith, individually and as Guardian ad Litem for Mary Jo Smith, a minor under the age of eighteen (18) years, Respondents, v. SQUIRES TIMBER COMPANY and/or Randy Brown Logging, Employer, and P.A. Manufacturers Association Insurance Company, Carrier, of whom Squires Timber Company, and P.A. Manufacturers Association Insurance Company, are Petitioners. . Heard

Page 878

428 S.E.2d 878

311 S.C. 321

James Albert SMITH (Deceased), Jeanette D. Smith individually and as Guardian ad Litem for Mary Jo Smith, a minor under the age of eighteen (18) years, Respondents, v. SQUIRES TIMBER COMPANY and/or Randy Brown Logging, Employer and P.A. Manufacturers Association Insurance Company, Carrier of whom Squires Timber Company, and P.A. Manufacturers Association Insurance Company, are Petitioners.

No. 23829.

Supreme Court of South Carolina.

Heard Feb. 17, 1993.

Decided April 5, 1993.

Rehearing Denied May 5, 1993.

F. Earl Ellis, Jr., and Andrew F. Lindemann, of Nauful & Ellis, P.A., Columbia, for petitioners.

Craig A. Snook, of Stevens, Stevens, Thomas & Snook, Myrtle Beach, for respondents.

HARWELL, Chief Justice:

This is a workers' compensation case. We granted certiorari to review Smith v Squires Timber Co., --- S.C. ----, 417 S.E.2d 101 (Ct.App.1992), wherein the Court of Appeals found that the Workers' Compensation Commission (Commission) failed to rule on the question whether respondent Jeanette D. Smith's husband, James Albert Smith (Smith), an independent contractor, was a statutory employee of Randy Brown Logging (Brown). The Court of Appeals remanded the case to the Commission to make a finding regarding this issue. Petitioners contend that remand was improper. We agree and reverse.

I. FACTS

Squires Timber Company (Squires) is a timber supplier that engages independent logging companies to cut and haul timber to its customers. In 1988, Squires contracted with Brown to cut and deliver timber to International Paper. Brown in turn contracted with Smith to deliver cut timber. Smith, unlike Brown's regular employees, used his own equipment, worked when he chose, and was paid based on his production. Brown withheld no employee deductions from Smith's pay.

On February 9, 1988, Smith was killed in an automobile accident while returning to Squires' logging site with a rejected load of timber. Respondents filed for workers' compensation benefits, alleging that Smith was an employee of either Brown or Squires. After a hearing, a Commissioner found that Smith was an independent contractor rather than an employee of Brown. In addition, the Commissioner found that Smith was neither an employee nor a statutory employee of Squires. As a result, respondents were denied workers' compensation benefits. The Commissioner's findings were affirmed on appeal to the Commission and Circuit Court. Respondents appealed.

While the appeal was pending, we held that S.C.Code Ann. § 42-1-400 (1985), ¹ which imposes liability on owners for their statutory employees, did not preclude classification of a subcontractor as a statutory employee. Smith v. T.H. Snipes & Sons, Inc., 306 S.C. 289, 411 S.E.2d 439 (1991). Relying on Snipes, the Court of Appeals remanded the case to the Commission for consideration of whether Smith, although an independent contractor, also could have been a statutory employee of Brown and thus eligible for benefits. We granted Squires' petition for certiorari.

II. DISCUSSION

As a threshold matter, we address Squires' assertion that the issue whether Smith was a statutory employee of Brown was not raised and ruled on below, and thus not preserved for review. Gore v. Skipper, 255 S.C. 18, 176 S.E.2d 569 (1970).

Respondent's Form 52 claim for workers' compensation benefits alleged that Smith was an employee of Brown. In our view, the allegation that Smith was an employee of Brown included the possibility that Smith may have been a statutory employee of Brown, thereby raising the issue of Smith's statutory employee status.

As to the Commissioner's ruling on the issue, we note that an independent contractor or subcontractor is precluded from receiving workers' compensation benefits unless he elects to receive benefits pursuant to S.C.Code Ann. § 42-1-130 (Supp.1992). ² The Commissioner's finding that Smith was an independent contractor without a corresponding finding that Smith had elected to receive benefits pursuant to section 42-1-130 implicitly holds that Smith was not a statutory employee of Brown. Accordingly, we hold that the issue of whether Smith was a statutory employee of Brown has been preserved for our review and turn to the merits of Squires' appeal.

As a general rule, independent contractors or subcontractors are not included under the Workers' Compensation Act. Marlow v. E.L. Jones & Son, Inc., 248 S.C. 568, 151 S.E.2d 747 (1966) (working partners are not employees and therefore not statutory employees); McDowell v. Stilley Plywood, 210 S.C. 173, 41 S.E.2d 872 (1947) (the Legislature did not intend to include independent contractors or subcontractors in the Workers' Compensation Act). However, we have recognized that section 42-1-130 creates a narrow exception to the general rule by allowing an independent contractor or subcontractor to become an "employee" by electing coverage under his business's workers' compensation benefits. Snipes, 306 S.C. at 290-91, 411 S.E.2d at 440 (an independent contractor may be a statutory employee if he has elected coverage pursuant to section 42-1-130); ³ Carver v. Bill Pridemore & Co., 278 S.C. 235, 294 S.E.2d 419 (1982) (a subcontractor who elects for coverage under section 42-1-130 may be a statutory employee).

The record establishes that Smith did not own a business or carry workers' compensation insurance for employees, and counsel conceded at oral argument that an...