Snyder v. U.S., 82-1707

• Decision Date: 23 September 1983
• Docket Number: No. 82-1707,82-1707
• Citation: 717 F.2d 1193
• Parties: Donald SNYDER, Appellant, v. UNITED STATES of America, Appellee.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Eighth Circuit

Page 1193

717 F.2d 1193

Donald SNYDER, Appellant, v. UNITED STATES of America, Appellee.

No. 82-1707.

United States Court of Appeals Eighth Circuit.

Submitted April 13, 1983.

Decided Sept. 23, 1983.

Robert G. Ulrich, U.S. Atty., Mark J. Zimmerman, Asst. U.S. Atty., Kansas City, Mo., for appellee.

Glenn R. Gulick, Jr., Hershewe & Gulick, Joplin, Mo., for appellant.

Before BRIGHT and FAGG, Circuit Judges, and JONES, ^* District Judge.

JOHN B. JONES, District Judge.

Donald Snyder brought this action under the Federal Tort Claims Act, alleging negligent medical care by a Veterans Administration physician. The District Court, 537 F.Supp. 633, granted appellee's motion to dismiss after finding the action was barred by the statute of limitations. Since matters outside the pleadings were considered, we must treat the decision as a summary judgment. Rule 12(b). We reverse the dismissal and remand for further proceedings.

Snyder entered the Veterans Administration Hospital at Gainesville, Florida, in 1974 complaining of chest and arm pain. He was diagnosed as having lung cancer. In August, 1974, a pneumonectomy was performed. Snyder's left lung and part of his chest wall were removed. However, the chest pains continued even after several other procedures were performed to try to alleviate this pain.

Snyder alleges that in December, 1974, a V.A. neurosurgeon diagnosed the cause of his pain as an extensive brachial plexus tumor, and informed him he had only six months to live. The doctor recommended a cordotomy ¹ to relieve him of pain during his remaining days. The doctor promised complete relief of pain with no side effects, according to Snyder. In December, 1974, the cordotomy was performed, but it failed to relieve Snyder's pain. In January, 1975, Snyder was informed that the neurosurgeon incorrectly diagnosed his illness as an extensive brachial plexus tumor, that he did not have cancer and that he was not going to die from cancer in six months.

Snyder continued visiting hospitals to seek relief from his ever increasing pain. In 1979, a doctor informed Snyder for the first time that the cause of his pain was the cordotomy. Snyder sought legal advice and filed a claim with the Veterans Administration in February, 1980. He commenced this action in district court in September, 1981, after the Veterans Administration failed to act on his administrative claim.

Plaintiff's original complaint makes two basic claims: (1) that the misdiagnosis of cancer made the cordotomy unnecessary, and (2) that the cordotomy is the cause of his present pain.

Summary judgment is justified only when, viewing the facts and inferences that may be derived therefrom in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party, the court is convinced that there is no evidence to sustain a recovery under any circumstances. Buller v. Buechler, 706 F.2d 844 (8th Cir.1983), citing Westborough Mall, Inc. v. City of Cape Girardeau, Mo., 693 F.2d 733, 736-737 (8th Cir.1982). The burden thus is on the moving party to establish that there is no genuine issue of material fact and that it is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Id. If the lack of a genuine issue of material fact is not clearly established, a motion for summary judgment on the basis of the statute of limitations should be denied. 6 Moore's Federal Practice Sec. 56.17 (2d Ed.1982).

Also, summary judgment may be precluded because of factual disputes concerning the tolling of the statute of limitations. See, e.g. Hanna v. United States Veterans Admin. Hosp., 514 F.2d 1092 (3d Cir.1975); 10A C. Wright, A. Miller & M. Kane, Federal Practice and Procedure Sec. 2729, pp. 208-09. The critical issue here is determining the time Snyder actually knew, or in the exercise of reasonable diligence should have known, the cause and existence of his injury. Issues of due diligence and constructive knowledge depend on inferences drawn from the facts of each particular case. These are similar to the type of inferences that must be drawn in determining intent and good faith. Robertson v. Siedman & Siedman, 609 F.2d 583 (2d Cir.1979). When conflicting inferences can be drawn from the facts, summary judgment is inappropriate. Id.

The Federal Tort Claims Act bars tort claims against the United States unless presented in writing to the appropriate agency within two years after the claim accrues. 28 U.S.C. Sec. 2401(b). When the claim "accrues" is a matter of federal law. Reilly v. United States, 513 F.2d 147 (8th Cir.1975), citing Portis v. United States, 483 F.2d 670, 672 n. 4 (4th Cir.1973).

The general rule under the Act is that a tort claim accrues, for statute of limitations purposes, at the time of the plaintiff's injury. See United States v. Kubrick, 444 U.S. 111, 100 S.Ct. 352, 62 L.Ed.2d 259 (1979). Medical malpractice cases are a recognized exception to this rule. In these cases a claim accrues when a plaintiff...