Sonnier v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co.

• Decision Date: 06 December 2007
• Docket Number: No. 07-30098.,07-30098.
• Citation: 509 F.3d 673
• Parties: Allen Glyn SONNIER, Individually and on Behalf of Others Similarly Situated; Nolan Paul Martin, Individually and on Behalf of Others Similarly Situated, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. STATE FARM MUTUAL AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE CO., Defendant-Appellee.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Fifth Circuit

509 F.3d 673

Allen Glyn SONNIER, Individually and on Behalf of Others Similarly Situated; Nolan Paul Martin, Individually and on Behalf of Others Similarly Situated, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. STATE FARM MUTUAL AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE CO., Defendant-Appellee.

No. 07-30098.

United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit.

December 6, 2007.

David Charles Laborde, Laborde Law Firm, Lafayette, LA, Donald Wayne Price, Kirk A. Guidry, Dué, Price, Guidry, Piedrahita & Andrews, Baton Rouge, LA, Dawn M. Barrios, Bruce S. Kingsdorf, Barrios, Kingsdorf & Casteix, New Orleans, LA, for Plaintiffs-Appellants.

Joseph A. Cancila, Jr., Patricia J. Thompson, Schff Hardin LLP, Chicago, IL, Mary Katherine Paine Martin, Gretchen Heider Mayard, Lafayette, LA, for Defendant-Appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana.

Before GARWOOD, GARZA and BENAVIDES, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:

Allen Glyn Sonnier and Nolan Paul Martin ("Appellants") appeal the district court's grant of a motion to dismiss under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted, which dismissal finally disposed of Appellants' individual and purported class action claims. Appellants possessed automobile insurance policies from State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company ("State Farm"). Appellants allege that State Farm breached its contractual obligation under the policies when it refused to pay for inspection and testing of Appellants' seatbelts and seatbelt locking mechanisms after Appellants were involved in automobile accidents. For the following reasons, we AFFIRM.

I. BACKGROUND

Martin and Sonnier were involved in automobile accidents in 2001 and 2004, respectively. They took their automobiles to body shops, where an estimate for necessary repairs was provided. It is undisputed that State Farm paid for repairs as set forth in the estimates and in subsequent supplemental estimates. According to Appellants' vehicle manufacturer and an independent trade group-the Inter-Industry Conference on Collision Repairs-an automobile's seatbelts and seatbelt locking mechanisms (collectively, "seatbelts") should be thoroughly inspected after any collision.¹ If a body shop deems such an inspection unnecessary and does not list it on the estimate, then State Farm will not cover the cost of the seatbelt inspection. Although Appellants do not allege that their seatbelts were harmed in any way during or after the collisions, they claim that State Farm was contractually obligated to provide an extensive seatbelts inspection.

The district court orally granted State Farm's Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss, finding that "based on the contractual agreement to repair, if there is no complaint of a failure, there is nothing to repair." Appellants appeal, arguing that the term "cost of repair" necessarily includes the cost of the seatbelts inspection because in order to repair something, one must first inspect to determine what is in need of repair.

II. STANDARD OF REVIEW

This Court reviews de novo the district court's order on a Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss. In re Katrina Canal Breaches Litig., 495 F.3d 191, 205 (5th Cir.2007). The court "accepts all well-pleaded facts as true, viewing them in the light most favorable to the plaintiff." Id. (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). The plaintiff must plead "enough facts to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face." Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, ___ U.S. ___, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 1974, 167 L.Ed.2d 929 (2007). "Factual allegations must be enough to raise a right to relief above the speculative level, on the assumption that all the allegations in the complaint are true (even if doubtful in fact)." Id. at 1965.

III. DISCUSSION

It is undisputed that Louisiana law applies to this case. According to Louisiana law, "[w]ords and phrases used in a policy are to be construed using their plain, ordinary and generally prevailing meaning, unless the words have acquired a technical meaning. An insurance policy should not be interpreted in an unreasonable or strained manner so as to enlarge or to restrict its provisions beyond what is reasonably contemplated by its terms or so as to achieve an absurd conclusion." Reynolds v. Select Props., Ltd., 634 So.2d 1180, 1183 (La.1994) (citations omitted). "[I]f the language of the exclusion is subject to two or more reasonable interpretations, the interpretation which favors coverage must be applied. It is equally well settled, however, that subject to the above rules of interpretation, insurance companies have the right to limit coverage in any manner they desire, so long as the limitations do not conflict with statutory provisions or public policy." Id. (citations omitted). A court interpreting an insurance policy cannot "make a new contract for the parties or disregard the evidence as expressed, or . . . refine away terms of a contract expressed with sufficient clearness to convey the plain meaning of the parties." Id.

The automobile insurance policies at issue obligate State Farm to pay for "direct and accidental loss of or damage to" the automobile or its equipment. State Farm's limit of liability "for loss to property or any part of it is the lower of" the automobile's actual cash value or the cost of repair or replacement. The cost of repair or replacement is based upon: (1) a price agreed upon by the insured and insurer; (2) a competitive bid approved by State Farm; or (3) "an estimate written based upon the prevailing competitive price." The third option is involved in this case.

The Supreme Court of Louisiana has previously interpreted the term "repairs," finding that it "must be given its generally prevailing meaning and be construed according to its common usage." S. Cent. Bell Tel. Co. v. Barthelemy, 643 So.2d 1240, 1250 (La.1994). "Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary defines repair as, to restore by replacing a part or putting together what is torn or broken. The jurisprudence has similarly defined it as, to fix anything that is broken." Id. (citing Intercoastal Pipe Serv. Co. v. Assumption Parish Sales & Use Tax Dep't, 558 So.2d 1296, 1300 (La.1990)) (internal quotation marks omitted).

This Court, applying Louisiana law, held that an automobile insurance "policy provision requiring the insurer to pay the cost of repair or replacement limits the insurer's liability to...