Soriano v. Xavier University Corporation

• Decision Date: 26 April 1988
• Docket Number: No. C-1-87-382.,C-1-87-382.
• Parties: Constantine SORIANO, Plaintiff, v. XAVIER UNIVERSITY CORPORATION and Arthur Shriberg, Defendants.
• Court: U.S. District Court — Southern District of Ohio

687 F. Supp. 1188

Constantine SORIANO, Plaintiff, v. XAVIER UNIVERSITY CORPORATION and Arthur Shriberg, Defendants.

No. C-1-87-382.

United States District Court, S.D. Ohio, W.D.

April 26, 1988.

Paul C. Sunderland, Cincinnati, Ohio, for plaintiff.

Kenneth R. Faller, Cincinnati, Ohio, for defendants.

ORDER

HERMAN J. WEBER, District Judge.

This matter is before the Court upon Plaintiff's Motion to Strike or in the Alternative for Summary Judgment on Jurisdictional Defense (doc. no. 12), which defendants oppose.

Plaintiff brings this suit pursuant to the federal Age Discrimination in Employment Act ("ADEA"), 29 U.S.C. § 621 et seq. against defendant Xavier University Corporation ("Xavier"), an institution of higher education operated by the Order of Jesuits and Arthur Shriberg, Xavier's Vice President of Student Development. Defendants' Joint Answer (doc. no. 6) asserts a defense based upon this Court's purported lack of jurisdiction over Xavier on the basis that, as a religious institution, it is exempt from application of the provisions of the ADEA.

The Court agrees with plaintiff's assertion that the ADEA, on its face as well as in its legislative history, gives no indication that religious institutions are exempt from its provisions. Therefore, defendants' arguments are premised on first amendment concerns relating to the free exercise and establishment clauses.

A careful review of the applicable cases clearly instructs that the determinative inquiry must be made in light of the particular facts and circumstances of each case, and that the threshhold issue is "whether the ... exercise of jurisdiction here would give rise to serious constitutional questions." NLRB v. Catholic Bishop of Chicago, 440 U.S. 490, 501, 99 S.Ct. 1313, 1319, 59 L.Ed.2d 533 (1979); see also, Dayton Christian Schools v. Ohio Civil Rights Commission, 766 F.2d 932 (1985), vacated and remanded on other grounds, 477 U.S. 619, 106 S.Ct. 2718, 91 L.Ed.2d 512 (1986).

Statutes with far-reaching first amendment implications have been construed not to apply to church-operated schools based on the consequent serious constitutional questions that were specifically found would follow. See, Catholic Bishop, 440 U.S. 490, 99 S.Ct. 1313 (jurisdiction by NLRB over teachers in a church-operated school would implicate guarantees of the religion clauses of the first amendment). Absent this substantial risk, courts have not rendered large groups of employers immune from liability, as such exemption would substantially frustrate the intent and purpose of the federal laws. See, Jefferson County Pharm. Ass'n. v. Abbott Laboratories, 460 U.S. 150, 154 n. 6, 103 S.Ct. 1011, 1015 n. 6, 74 L.Ed.2d 882 (1982) (federal law applied on the basis of no risk of a constitutional issue arising from the application).

In the specific context of application of the federal law against age discrimination, the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit reversed the district court's dismissal and denial of jurisdiction over a religious college, stating that "the ADEA actions did not present a significant risk of infringement upon the first amendment rights of the defendant." Ritter v. Mt. St. Mary's College, 814 F.2d 986, 988 n. 1 (...