Southeast Foods, Inc. v. Keener

• Decision Date: 19 November 1998
• Docket Number: No. 98-417,98-417
• Citation: 335 Ark. 209,979 S.W.2d 885
• Parties: SOUTHEAST FOODS, INC., d/b/a County Market, Appellant, v. Lucy KEENER, Appellee.
• Court: Arkansas Supreme Court

Page 885

979 S.W.2d 885

335 Ark. 209

SOUTHEAST FOODS, INC., d/b/a County Market, Appellant, v. Lucy KEENER, Appellee.

No. 98-417.

Supreme Court of Arkansas.

Nov. 19, 1998.

Beverly A. Rowlett, Little Rock, for Appellant.

Troy Hornsby, Texarkana, TX, for Appellee.

DONALD L. CORBIN, Justice.

This case involves a default judgment in a negligence action. Appellant Texarkana Foods, Ltd., appeals the order of the Miller County Circuit Court refusing to set aside the default judgment in favor of Appellee Lucy Keener for injuries she sustained when she slipped and fell in the County Market grocery store in Texarkana. Appellant argues on appeal that the trial court erred (1) in refusing to set aside the default judgment for insufficient service of process, (2) in awarding attorney's fees to Appellee, and (3) in awarding judgment for an amount greater than that requested in the complaint. This case was certified to us from the Arkansas Court of Appeals; hence, our jurisdiction is pursuant to Ark. Sup.Ct. R. 1-2(d). The issue on appeal concerns the identity and service of the proper defendant. We reverse because service was insufficient pursuant to ARCP Rule 4.

On May 1, 1996, Appellee filed her negligence complaint against "South East Foods, Inc. D/B/A County Market," in which she alleged that the defendant was a corporation registered under the laws of the State of Arkansas, with its registered agent for service being Gordon McNulty, 1200 West Park Drive, Building 2, Suite 300, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204. On January 16, 1997, Appellee's attorney filed an affidavit setting out the following steps that he had taken in attempting to serve notice of process on the defendant. The affidavit reflects in pertinent part:

[T]hat the Affiant received for service of process a Summons, together with a file-marked copy of the Plaintiff's Original Complaint attached thereto, directed to the registered agent for service of the Defendant, Southeast Foods, Inc., d/b/a County Market, in Cause No. CIV-96-90-4 in the Circuit Court of Miller County, Arkansas; that the Affiant attempted service by certified mail, return receipt requested, but the item of mail was returned by the post office as undeliverable; that on September 18, 1996, the Affiant forwarded the returned item of mail by certified mail, return receipt requested, to the Arkansas Secretary of State, requesting that office to accept service on the Defendant's behalf, a copy of which is attached hereto as Exhibit "A"; that on September 18, 1996, the Affiant also sent a copy of the Summons and the Plaintiff's Original Complaint to PHYLLIS BURGESS, Claims Representative for LINDSEY MORDEN CLAIMS MANAGEMENT, INC., the insurance company for the Defendant, a copy of which is attached hereto as Exhibit "B"; that on October 10, 1996, the Arkansas Secretary of State attempted service by certified mail, return receipt requested, but the item of mail was returned by the post office as undeliverable; that the Arkansas Secretary of State forwarded to the Affiant the returned item of mail, a copy of which is attached hereto as Exhibit "C"; that the Plaintiff has made diligent inquiry and it is Plaintiff's information and belief that the Defendant is a foreign corporation, having no agent in this state.

Exhibit "A" reflects that the Secretary of State's office received the certified mailing from Appellee on October 4, 1996, signed by Jana S. Milliken. Exhibit "B" reflects that the certified mailing sent to Lindsey Morden Claims Management was received on October 7, 1996, signed by Pat Whitmire.

A hearing was held on February 12, 1997, during which the trial court admitted into evidence the foregoing affidavit and attached documents and heard brief testimony from Appellee concerning the extent of her injuries. The named defendant did not appear or otherwise answer the complaint. The trial court then entered default judgment in favor of Appellee in the amount of $115,800.10, plus interest, and costs.

On July 28, 1997, Appellant filed a motion to set aside the default judgment, and later an amended motion, asserting that it, Texarkana Foods, Ltd., a Mississippi limited partnership, is the legal owner of the County Market grocery store in Texarkana. Appellant asserted that the default judgment is void because it was rendered based on an improper naming of the actual defendant and because service of process was never perfected on either the named defendant, Southeast Foods, or the intended defendant, Texarkana Foods. Appellant asserted that it was Appellee's burden to show that service was proper and done in strict compliance with Rule 4 and the relevant statutes providing for service of process on corporations.

On January 16, 1998, the trial court denied the motion to set aside the default judgment, finding that Southeast Foods, Inc., d/b/a County Market was the properly named defendant and that service was proper. Additionally, the trial court awarded Appellee attorney's fees of $11,662.50 and costs of $30.00 incurred in defense of the default judgment. Appellant contends on appeal that the default judgment is void for want of proper service under Rule 4. We agree.

Rule 55 of the Arkansas Rules of Civil Procedure provides for entry of a default judgment when a party fails to appear or otherwise defend. Meeks v. Stevens, 301 Ark. 464, 785 S.W.2d 18 (1990). Because Rule 55(a) provides that the court "may" grant a default-judgment motion in the event of failure to answer or otherwise defend, we apply an "abuse of discretion" standard in reviewing the granting of a default judgment. Layman v. Bone, 333 Ark. 121, 967 S.W.2d 561 (1998). Default judgments are not favorites of the law and should be avoided when possible. B & F Engineering, Inc. v. Cotroneo, 309 Ark. 175, 830 S.W.2d 835 (1992). Rule 55, as revised in 1990, reflects a preference for deciding cases on the merits rather than on technicalities. Id. Because of its harsh and drastic nature, which can result in the deprivation of substantial rights, a default judgment should only be granted when strictly authorized and when the party affected should clearly know he is subject to default if he does not act in a required manner. Meeks, 301 Ark. 464, 785 S.W.2d 18. Rule 55(c) provides that the court may, upon motion, set aside a default judgment if the judgment is void. Where the judgment is void, proof of a meritorious defense to the cause of action is unnecessary. Wilburn v. Keenan Cos., Inc., 298 Ark. 461, 768 S.W.2d 531 (1989).

Appellant argues that the trial court erred in refusing to set aside the default judgment because service of process was insufficient both as to the named defendant, Southeast Foods, and the intended defendant, Texarkana Foods. Appellant asserts that it was Appellee's burden to prove that service was proper under both the statutory law and the Arkansas Rules of Civil Procedure. We agree with Appellant and conclude that service was not obtained in a timely manner pursuant to Rule 4(i).

Service of process or a waiver of that service is necessary in order to satisfy the due process requirements of the United States Constitution. Meeks, 301 Ark. 464, 785 S.W.2d 18 (citing Smith v. Edwards, 279 Ark. 79, 648 S.W.2d 482 (1983)). Statutory service requirements, being in derogation of common-law rights, must be strictly construed and compliance with the requirements must be exact. Wilburn, 298 Ark. 461, 768 S.W.2d 531. The same reasoning applies to service requirements imposed by this court's rules. Id. Thus, where sufficient notice of an action has not been...