Stahl-Rider, Inc. v. State, STAHL-RIDE

• Decision Date: 19 August 1980
• Docket Number: INC,STAHL-RIDE,No. 8010SC52,8010SC52
• Parties: v. STATE of North Carolina; North Carolina Central University of the University of North Carolina; W. Edward Jenkins; and C. C. Woods Construction Company.
• Court: North Carolina Court of Appeals

Page 217

269 S.E.2d 217

48 N.C.App. 380

STAHL-RIDER, INC. v. STATE of North Carolina; North Carolina Central University

of the University of North Carolina; W. Edward

Jenkins; and C. C. Woods Construction Company.

No. 8010SC52.

Court of Appeals of North Carolina.

Aug. 19, 1980.

Johnson, Gamble & Shearon by George G. Hearn, Raleigh, for plaintiff-appellee.

Atty. Gen. Rufus L. Edmisten by Associate Atty. Gen., Grayson G. Kelley, Raleigh, for the State.

WELLS, Judge.

The sole exception preserved by defendants and presented in this appeal concerns whether the trial judge erred in denying their motions to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction over the subject matter and the person.

Plaintiff contends that the trial court's order denying defendants' motions to dismiss is interlocutory and therefore not appealable. The question of appealability of trial court orders and judgments has been the subject of a number of decisions of this Court and of our Supreme Court. In these decisions, we find a consistent thread of jurisprudential philosophy in opposition to allowing appeals from interlocutory orders or from judgments less than final. To paraphrase Justice Ervin and others speaking for our appellate courts, the basic message seems to be, 'if there is work left to be done at the trial level, let the matter lie there until the trial court has completed its task.' In this spirit, we must of course recognize that the trial court's denial of a motion to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction is clearly interlocutory, there having been no final disposition of the matter on its merits in any sense. Were we free to exercise our judgment in this case in the way we believe it ought to be exercised in the interest of a sound and consistent jurisprudential philosophy, we would not hesitate to hold in this case that defendants' appeal cannot lie. We are not free to do so, however, because we find that the legislature has directed us to allow such appeals.

G.S. 1-277 provides:

(a) An appeal may be taken from every judicial order or determination of a judge of a superior or district court, upon or involving a matter of law or legal inference, whether made in or out of session, which affects a substantial right claimed in any action or proceeding; or which in effect determines the action, and prevents a judgment from which an appeal might be taken; or discontinues the action, or grants or refuses a new trial.

(b) Any interested party shall have the right of immediate appeal from an adverse ruling as to the jurisdiction of the court over the person or property of the defendant or such party may preserve his exception for determination upon any subsequent appeal in the cause.

Since its first enactment in 1967, this section and G.S. 7A-27 have codified the rules as to the stage at which cases are appealable. There have been innumerable decisions of our appellate courts concerning rights of appeal pursuant to the provisions of current G.S. 1-277(a) and its predecessor sections in the Consolidated Statutes. See, e. g., Industries, Inc. v. Insurance Co., 296 N.C. 486, 251 S.E.2d 443 (1979); Waters v. Personnel, Inc., 294 N.C. 200, 240 S.E.2d 338 (1978); Leasing Corp. v. Myers, 46 N.C.App. 162, 265 S.E.2d 240 (1980). The provisions of subsection (b), however, were not contained in our statutes prior to 1969. 1967 N.C. Sess. Laws, ch. 954, § 3(j). From G.S. 1-277(b) it is clear that an immediate appeal lies from an adverse ruling as to the personal, in rem or quasi in rem jurisdiction of the court at any stage of the proceedings.

The State cannot be sued in its own courts or elsewhere unless it has expressly consented to such suits. Dalton v. Highway Com., 223 N.C. 406, 27 S.E.2d 1 (1943). No court has jurisdiction to entertain a suit against the sovereign unless the sovereign has consented. Cf., United States v. Sherwood, 312 U.S. 584, 61 S.Ct. 767, 85 L.Ed. 1058 (1941) (neither the United States Court of Claims nor any other court has jurisdiction to entertain suits against the United States except as Congress has consented). See also, 81A C.J.S., States § 298, pp. 942-948 (1977); 72 Am.Jur.2d States § 99, pp. 490-491 (1974). We have previously held that an immediate appeal lies under G.S. 1-277(b) from the trial court's refusal to dismiss a suit against the State on grounds of governmental immunity. Sides v. Hospital, 22 N.C.App. 117, 205 S.E.2d 784 (1974), mod. on other grounds, 287 N.C. 14, 213 S.E.2d 297 (1975). ¹ In this light, we hold that the present appeal may be maintained.

While we thus recognize and uphold defendants' right to appeal pursuant to the provisions of G.S. 1-277(b), we nevertheless hold that the trial court correctly denied their motions to dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction. The provisions of G.S. 143-135.3 clearly grant plaintiff the right to bring this action in the Superior Court of Wake County:

§ 143-135.3. Procedure for settling controversies arising from contracts; civil actions on disallowed claims. Upon completion of any contract for construction or repair work awarded by any State board to any contractor, under the provisions of this Article, should the contractor fail to receive such settlement as he claims to be entitled to under terms of his contract, he may, within 60 days from the time of receiving written notice as to the disposition to be made of his claim, submit to the Secretary of Administration a written and verified claim for such amount as he deems himself entitled to under the terms of said contract, setting forth the facts upon which said claim is based. In addition, the claimant, either in person or through counsel, may appear before the Secretary of Administration and present any additional facts and arguments in support of his claim. Within 90 days from the receipt of the said written claim, the Secretary of Administration shall make an investigation of the claim and may allow all or any part or may deny said claim and shall have the authority to...