Stanberry v. Escambia County
Decision Date | 16 April 2002 |
Docket Number | No. 1D01-2385.,1D01-2385. |
Citation | 813 So.2d 278 |
Parties | Earnest STANBERRY, Jr., Appellant/Cross-Appellee, v. ESCAMBIA COUNTY, Florida, a Political Subdivision of the State of Florida, Appellee/Cross-Appellant. |
Court | Florida District Court of Appeals |
Lisa S. Minshew, Pensacola, for Appellant/Cross-Appellee.
Louis K. Rosenbloum, Esquire of Louis K. Rosenbloum, P.A., Pensacola and David G. Tucker, County Attorney and Alison A. Perdue, Assistant County Attorney, Pensacola, for Appellee/Cross-Appellant.
We are asked to reverse an order the trial court entered on various post-trial motions, which reads as follows:
Except as to denial of the motion for permanent injunction, we lack jurisdiction to review this non-final order.
We affirm the denial of injunctive relief, dismiss the appeal otherwise, and dismiss the cross-appeal in its entirety. See Fla. R.App. P. 9.110(m) (). Only paragraph four set out above is subject to review at this point in the proceedings.
Invoking nuisance, trespass and negligence theories, Ernest Stanberry's complaint alleged, and the jury found, that Escambia County was responsible for his house's flooding, when heavy rainfall caused a retention pond nearby to overflow. After the jury returned a verdict of $600,000 in his favor, he sought a permanent injunction requiring the County to take certain steps to prevent a recurrence, which the trial court declined to grant. No judgment was ever entered. We have jurisdiction to review the order denying the motion for permanent injunction because "the district courts of appeal [have jurisdiction] of non-final orders ... that... grant, continue, modify, deny, or dissolve injunctions, or refuse to modify or dissolve injunctions." Fla. R.App. P. 9.130(a)(3)(B).
Jurisdiction to review the order insofar as it denies the motion for permanent injunction does not, however, confer jurisdiction to review the propriety of the remittitur, which Mr. Stanberry also seeks to challenge on appeal; or the correctness of various rulings at and after trial, which the County contends on cross-appeal were erroneous. See First Union Nat'l Bank v. Peoples Nat'l Bank of Commerce, 644 So.2d 538, 539 (Fla. 3d DCA 1994); Chicago Title Ins. Agency v. Chicago Title Ins. Co., 560 So.2d 296, 297 (Fla. 2d DCA 1990); Perimeter Invs. v. Amerifirst Dev. Co., 423 So.2d 586, 587 (Fla. 1st DCA 1982); see also State, Dep't of Highway Safety & Motor Vehicles v. Sarnoff, 776 So.2d 976, 982 (Fla. 1st DCA 2000) (Benton, J., dissenting). Jurisdiction to review a non-final order denying an injunction does not confer plenary appellate jurisdiction authorizing review of the other matters the non-final order addresses. That the order under review is not a final order within the meaning of Florida Rule of Appellate Procedure 9.030(b)(1)(A) as contemplated by Florida Rule of Appellate Procedure 9.110(a)(1) is clear. See, e.g., Monticello Ins. Co. v. Thompson, 743 So.2d 1215, 1215-16 (Fla. 1st DCA 1999) ( ).
The basic rule is that an order is final only if it brings all judicial labor in the lower tribunal to a close. See GEICO Fin. Servs. v. Kramer, 575 So.2d 1345, 1346 (Fla. 4th DCA 1991); Pruitt v. Brock, 437 So.2d 768, 772 (Fla. 1st DCA 1983). See also Hill v. Div. of Ret., 687 So.2d 1376, 1377 (Fla. 1st DCA 1997) () (quoting Prime Orlando Props. v. Dep't of Bus. Regulation, 502 So.2d 456, 459 (Fla. 1st DCA 1986)).
The fact that the trial court granted remittitur without providing the plaintiff the opportunity for a new trial, in violation of section 768.74(4), Florida Statutes (2001), does not make the order under review final. Cf. Concept, L.C. v. Gesten, 662 So.2d 970, 974 (Fla. 4th DCA 1995); Regency Lake Apartments Assocs. v. French, 590 So.2d 970, 975 (Fla. 1st DCA 1991); Lewis v. Evans, 406 So.2d 489, 491 (Fla. 2d DCA 1981); Burleson v. Stark, 357 So.2d 1038, 1039 (Fla. 4th DCA 1978); Ellis v. Golconda Corp., 352 So.2d 1221, 1227 (Fla. 1st DCA 1977); Dura Corp. v. Wallace, 297 So.2d 619, 621 (Fla. 3d DCA 1974). The order under review grants remittitur (and denies various other post-trial motions) without entering final judgment.
Nor is the order under review an order granting a new trial. Orders granting new trials, while non-final, are exceptions to the general rule that no appeal lies from a non-final order. See Fla. R.App. P. 9.110(a)(4). But the order under review here did not grant, even conditionally, a new trial on damages in the event Mr. Stanberry rejected the remittitur. See, e.g., Rety v. Green, 595 So.2d 1036, 1037 (Fla. 3d DCA 1992); Hawk v. Seaboard Sys. R.R., 547 So.2d 669, 671 (Fla. 2d DCA 1989); Bernhardt v. Jacksonville Med. Ctr., 543 So.2d 833, 834 (Fla. 1st DCA 1989); see also Smith v. Telophase Nat'l Cremation Soc'y, 471 So.2d 163, 166-67 (Fla. 2d DCA 1985). When an order granting remittitur or, in the alternative, a new trial is entered, subsequent rejection of remittitur can transform the order into an order granting a new trial, which may be appealed. See Kovacs v. Venetian Sedan Serv., 108 So.2d 611, 612 (Fla. 3d DCA 1959). In the present case, however, the order under review unequivocally and unconditionally denied Escambia County's motion for new trial.
On the merits, we affirm the trial court's decision not to grant a permanent injunction in the circumstances of the present case. Mr. Stanberry's neighbors' competing interests with regard to drainage flows make it far from clear that the public interest was not well served by denial of the injunction the trial court was asked to enter. Se...
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