State ex rel. Gering v. Bird

• Decision Date: 08 April 1959
• Docket Number: No. 49569,49569
• Parties: STATE of Iowa, ex rel. Joseph GERING v. Richard Elmer BIRD, Appellant. In re Jo Ann BIRD.
• Court: Iowa Supreme Court

Page 100

96 N.W.2d 100

250 Iowa 730

STATE of Iowa, ex rel. Joseph GERING v. Richard Elmer BIRD, Appellant In re Jo Ann BIRD.

No. 49569.

Supreme Court of Iowa.

April 8, 1959.

George E. Flagg and Ted Sloane, Des Moines, for appellant, Richard E. bird.

Ralph Bellizzi and Richard Strickler, Des Moines, for Joseph Gering, appellee.

W. Stevenson Glanton, Des Moines, guardian and litem for Jo Ann Bird, minor.

PETERSON, Justice.

Jo Ann Bird was born in Des Moines on October 8, 1954. Her mother departed this life at the time she was born. Her father was in the military service in Germany, but arrived in Des Moines in time for the funeral. He asked the maternal grandparents, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Gering, if they would take Jo Ann into their home and care for her. The father Richard Bird had several months remaining on his army service. After his discharge he came back to Des Moines and lived in the Gering home until early in 1957. He then left without telling Mr. and Mrs. Gering where he was going. They discovered through other sources that he had gone to California and had remarried.

On March 5, 1957, Joseph Gering filed in the District Court in Polk County, Juvenile Division, a petition with reference to Jo Ann, alleging she was a dependent and neglected child under Section 232.2, 1958 Code of Iowa, I.C.A., and praying that her case be heard by the court and custody be established.

The father Richard Bird returned to Iowa, and filed answer in the proceedings. He first asked that custody of Jo Ann be given to his sister Gladys Mae Tavenner and her husband pending adoption and that he had given written consent to his sister as to adoption of the child. However, he also filed application that he be given custody.

Custody was granted by the trial court to Mr. and Mrs. Gering, the maternal grandparents. Richard Bird the father has appealed.

The assignments of error are that Jo Ann was not a delinquent and dependent child; especially since social security payments, of $59.20 per month were paid to the maternal grandparents.

Section 232.2 provides: 'The term 'dependent child' or 'nelected child' shall mean any child who, for any reason: * * *

3. Is without proper parental care or guardianship * * *.'

When Mrs. Bird departed this life at the time of the birth of Jo Ann she was left without parental care as far as her mother was concerned. When Richard Bird, her father, left and went to California without advising her grandparents as to his leaving or as to his address she became a child without parental care as far as the father was concerned. McKay v. Ruffcorn, 247 Iowa 195, 73 N.W.2d 78; State ex rel. Gilman v. Bacon, Iowa, 91 N.W.2d 395.

McKay v. Ruffcorn, supra, was tried under the provisions of Chapter 232, the same as the case at bar. Teresa Ruffcorn was about seven years of age. Her father was killed in an automobile accident. She was the youngest of four children. The mother, June, left her with her sister Mrs. Withems when she was nine months of age. After Mr. Ruffcorn's death his widow June spent most of her time in Omaha, Nebraska. During the years when she left Teresa with her aunt and before the commencement of this action she had been married and divorced twice. At the time of the action she was living with her third husband Mr. Andersen in a three room apartment in Omaha. The question was raised in that case, as it has been in this case, as to whether or not Chapter 232 is a proper forum for the trial of a case of this type. We held it was in the following words: 'Clearly Teresa was without proper parental care or guardianship when the Withems took her.' [247 Iowa 195, 73 N.W.2d 80.]

Throughout more than six years the mother June only contributed about $200 to the child's support. The remainder of expense and care was furnished by Mr. and Mrs. Withems.

The question was raised in the McKay case, the same as it is in this case, that because Teresa was receiving excellent care from her aunt and uncle she was not a 'neglected child.' In the case at bar the claim is made that since Jo Ann is receiving excellent care in the home of her grandparents and they are receiving $59.20 in social security each month toward her care that she is not a dependent or neglected child. We stated in McKay v. Ruffcorn, supra, as to this matter: 'Under a statute substantially identical to ours it has been held a child does not have 'proper parental care or guardianship' 10 O.S.1951 § 101 who does 'not have proper care by his natural parents''.

In the McKay case we cite and analyze at some length the following cases sustaining the theory: In re Davis, 206 Okl. 405, 244 P.2d 555; In re Reed, 189 Okl. 389, 117 P.2d 503; In re Olson, 111 Utah 365, 180 P.2d 210; In Ex parte Day, 189 Wash. 368, 65 P.2d 1049.

The following statement is quoted with approval from 43 C.J.S. Infants § 98a, page 229: "Dependent child' has been said to be the term applied to normal children who must be supported by others than their natural guardians; a dependent child is a child who is dependent on another, or on the public, for support.'

When Richard came home from the service and came to the Gering home and lived for about a year and a half he did practically nothing in connection with the care of Jo Ann. The grandparents had been allotted from social security the sum of $59.20 per month by reason of her mother having worked prior to her marriage. He indulged in drinking intoxicating liquor to excess. He testified since his second marriage he has quit drinking liquor.

The grandmother and grandfather had the full responsibility of her care during the period from her birth in 1954 until the trial of the case in 1957.

A somewhat unusual situation pertains to the pleadings and the argument and the appeal. The father Richard Bird alleged in his answer that he had signed a consent to adoption in favor of his sister Mrs. Tavenner and asks the court that the custody of Jo Ann be granted to her. Yet he filed an application, has appealed the case, and argument of his counsel now is that he wants the custody of Jo Ann.

Mr. and Mrs. Tavenner had been married for eighteen years. They have no children. When Richard came home from the service at the time of the death of his wife there was some discussion as to whether Jo Ann should be left with her maternal grandparents or with Mrs. Tavenner. Richard decided he would like to leave her with his wife's mother and father. He said they had lost their daughter and he felt they should have the little girl. At the time there did not seem to be any feeling in the matter on the part of Mrs. Tavenner. However thereafter, she never paid any attention to her little niece and saw her only once during the time she was at the Gering home. She is practically a stranger to the child.

Other children in Mrs. Gering's family have grown to manhood and womanhood and left home, but there is still one little boy Rickey in the home who is eight years of age.

In its findings and decree the trial court referred to Richard's request that adoption of Jo Ann be granted to Mrs. Tavenner, her aunt, yet its findings of fact were largely based on a comparison between the homes and circumstances of the grandparents and the father.

The decision of the trial court is to receive great weight in this court in connection with custody cases. Pyle v. Stone, 185 Iowa 785, 171 N.W. 156; Westendorf v. Westendorf, 187 Iowa 659, 174 N.W. 359; Risting v. Sparboe, 179 Iowa 1133, 162 N.W. 592, L.R.A.1917E, 318; Rust v. Trapp, Iowa N.O.R., 201 N.W. 565.

Our review of this case is de novo. Savery v. Eddy, 242 Iowa 822, 45 N.W.2d 872, 47 N.W.2d 230, 48 N.W.2d 230; In re Dependency of Stamp, 198 Iowa 1136, 199 N.W. 1007; McKay v. Ruffcorn, supra.

In cases of this type, as well as in habeas corpus cases, the welfare of the child is to be given first consideration. Risting v. Sparboe, supra; Joiner v. Knieriem, 243 Iowa 470, 52 N.W.2d 21; Finken v. Porter, 246 Iowa 1345, 1347, 72 N.W.2d 445; Durst v. Roach, 245 Iowa 342, 343, 62 N.W.2d 159; Herr v. Lazor, 238 Iowa 518, 28 N.W.2d 11.

The court appointed a guardian ad litem to appear for Jo Ann and make report to the court. Here again there is a contradiction in the situation because the guardian ad litem reported to the court only as to the Richard Bird home and the Joseph Gering home. He made no report as to the Tavenner home. As to the Gering home he reported that they lived in a four room house which was clean and well kept, but not modern. There are four people living in the home; Mr. and Mrs. Gering, Jo Ann and the little son Rickey. Jo Ann sleeps in a baby bed in the same room as her grandparents and Rickey sleeps in the living room. Mr. Gering is fifty years of age and is gainfully employed at a salary of $65 per week. Jo Ann appears to be happy and healthy and the eight year old son of Mr. and Mrs. Gering seems to get along well with her.

Ten witnesses appeared for Mr. and Mrs. Gering. They were neighbors, friends, relatives of Mr. and Mrs. Gering and some relatives of the father Richard Bird. They all testified that the home was neat and...