State ex rel. Murray v. Bozarth

• Decision Date: 13 February 1934
• Docket Number: 25297.
• Citation: 29 P.2d 579,167 Okla. 321,1934 OK 84
• Parties: STATE ex rel. v. BOZARTH, Judge. MURRAY, Governor,
• Court: Oklahoma Supreme Court

29 P.2d 579

167 Okla. 321, 1934 OK 84

STATE ex rel. MURRAY, Governor, v. BOZARTH, Judge.

No. 25297.

Supreme Court of Oklahoma

February 13, 1934

Syllabus by the Court.

By virtue of the provisions of section 2, article 8 of the Constitution, providing that "all elective officers not liable to impeachment shall be subject to removal from office in such manner and for such causes as may be prescribed by law," and the provisions of section 6, requiring the Legislature to pass laws necessary for carrying into effect the provisions of said article, the causes for removal of such public officers, and the manner thereof, as provided by the Legislature, are exclusive, and such removal must be based upon some one, or all, of such causes, as provided by the Legislature, and cannot be made for other causes, and the power of suspension is incidental only to the power of removal, and must be exercised in the manner authorized by law.

Original proceeding by the State of Oklahoma, on the relation of Wm H. Murray, Governor of the State of Oklahoma, against Mark L Bozarth, Judge of the Twenty-Second Judicial District of the State of Oklahoma, for an order preventing respondent from performing duties of his office.

Relief sought by petitioner denied.

J Berry King, Atty. Gen., and Fred Hansen, Asst. Atty. Gen., for plaintiff.

Thomas H. Owen and Earl Foster, both of Oklahoma City, and Steele & Boatman, of Muskogee, for defendant.

OSBORN Justice.

This is an original proceeding filed in this court in the name of the state of Oklahoma by the Attorney General, upon the direction and on relation of the Governor of the State of Oklahoma, against Mark L. Bozarth, judge of the Twenty-second judicial district of the state of Oklahoma, for an order under the superintending control of this court over inferior courts and tribunals, mentioned in section 2, article 7 of the Constitution, to prevent the said respondent, as such judge, from performing the duties of his office. It is alleged that he is one of the duly elected and qualified judges of the said judicial district of the state of Oklahoma, but that he was informed against in the district of Oklahoma county for a felony involving moral turpitude, to wit, obtaining money under false pretenses, and that on the 7th day of December, 1933, he was convicted thereof, and on the 15th day of December, 1933, judgment and sentence in conformity with said conviction was duly rendered and pronounced against him, from which he has perfected an appeal to the Criminal Court of Appeals of the State of Oklahoma, which appeal has not yet been disposed of.

It is conceded that the offense charged against respondent, and for which he was convicted, does not carry as a part of the penalty thereof a forfeiture of office. It is conceded, also, that this proceeding does not partake of the nature of quo warranto as mentioned in section 766, O. S. 1931, and is not a proceeding instituted under the provisions of what is known as the Attorney General's Bill, enacted in 1917, and appearing in sections 3464-3478, inclusive, O. S. 1931; nor has there been any proceeding instituted through a grand jury under the provisions of sections 3447, 3448, O. S. 1931. It is also conceded that said conviction did not result in the vacation of said office by reason of the inhibition contained in the fifth paragraph of section 3408, O. S. 1931, which provides as follows:

"Every office shall become vacant on the happening of either of the following events before the expiration of the term of such office: * * *

Fifth. Conviction of any infamous crime or any offense involving a violation of his official oath: Provided, that no conviction, as a cause of vacation of office, shall be deemed complete so long as an appeal may be pending, or until final judgment is rendered thereon."

Relief is sought in this novel proceeding by virtue of the provisions of section 2 of article 7 of the Constitution as follows: "The appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court shall be co-extensive with the State, and shall extend to all civil cases at law and in equity, and to all criminal cases until a Criminal Court of Appeals with exclusive appellate jurisdiction in criminal cases shall be established by law. The original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court shall extend to a general superintending control over all inferior courts and all commissions and boards created by law. The Supreme Court shall have power to issue writs of habeas corpus, mandamus, quo warranto, certiorari, prohibition, and such other remedial writs, as may be provided by law, and to hear and determine the same; and the Supreme Court may exercise such other and further jurisdiction as may be conferred upon it by law. * * *"

The Attorney General, in his brief, says: "Plaintiff has been unable to find any case directly bearing upon the exact issues involved in this case and realizes that the decision of this Court in the premises will therefore be a matter of first impression. Probably the laws of other states are not so wholly inadequate to cope with an exigency such as is involved in this case, which inadequacy in the laws of this state will hereinafter be shown, and hence it is probably for that reason that we find a lack of direct precedent."

Much has been said in the brief of the Attorney General as to the origin, nature, and extent of the power of superintending control as authorized by the above provision of the Constitution. The fact that the diligence of the Attorney General has failed to disclose where this jurisdiction has been invoked in this or any other state to procure the relief sought here is a signpost of warning that should be carefully heeded. But we do not deem it necessary, under the view that we take of the issues in this case, to delve into the historic origin or nature of said jurisdiction nor to plumb the outside boundary lines thereof.

By the provisions of section 1, article 8 of the Constitution, certain officers are subject to impeachment on certain grounds therein stated.

By section 2, art. 8, it is provided that: "All elective officers, not liable to impeachment, shall be subject to removal from office in such manner and for such causes as may be provided by law."

By section 6 of said article, it is provided:

"The Legislature shall pass such laws as are necessary for carrying into effect the provisions of this article."

By section 3447, O. S. 1931, certain grounds for removal from office are set forth, and by section 3466, O. S. 1931, three additional grounds for removal were provided. The latter two of said grounds mentioned in the last section have heretofore been stricken down as contravening the provisions of the Constitution. State ex rel. Dabney, Attorney General v Peck, 139 Okl. 12, 280 P. 1078; State ex rel. Dabney, Attorney General, v. Sheldon, 135 Okl. 278, 276 P. 468. By the provisions of section 3448, O. S. 1931, et seq., detailed and elaborate provisions were made for the removal of officers by action of a grand jury. By the provisions of section 3461, O. S. 1931, it is provided: "When the complaint for removal is filed, if, in addition to the...