State ex rel. Reynolds v. Newell
| Decision Date | 07 May 1958 |
| Parties | STATE of Florida ex rel. Charles G. REYNOLDS, Relator, v. Edward G. NEWELL, as Judge of the Criminal Court of Record in and for PalmBeach County, State of Florida, and Hugh MacMillan, as Judge of the CriminalCourt of Record in and for Palm Beach County, State of Florida, Respondents. |
| Court | Florida Supreme Court |
Jordan Johnson and Hal S. Ives, West Palm Beach, for relator.
Harry Lewis Michaels, West Palm Beach, for respondents.
In May 1955, pursuant to command of a John Doe subpoena from the county solicitor of Palm Beach County, relator appeared and testified during an investigation concerning an alleged bribery charge against a West Palm Beach police officer. A charge was pending against relator in the Municipal Court of West Palm Beach and the alleged bribery was said to have been consummated by one Tucker in his behalf in connection with said charge.
Relator was on March 28, 1956, informed against in Criminal Court of Record, Palm Beach County, the charge laid in the information being 'substantive felony of accessory before the fact of bribery.' Relator moved to quash the information on the ground that having testified as to the alleged bribery, he was immune from prosecution under the provisions of § 932.29, Florida Statutes, F.S.A. The court denied the motion to quash and set the cause for trial. Relator forthwith filed his suggestion for writ of prohibition in this court. The rule nisi was issued, to which respondents filed their return. The cause is here for disposition on the issues made by the return to the rule nisi.
Respondents contend that in resorting to prohibition relator is seeking the wrong remedy. They say that he should have gone to trial and if convicted, he should have appealed. There is no merit to this contention because an excess of jurisdiction is involved and this court is committed to the doctrine that excess of jurisdiction may be restrained by prohibition. State ex rel. Marshall v. Petteway, 121 Fla. 822, 164 So. 872; State ex rel. Byer v. Willard, Fla.1951, 54 So.2d 179.
The real point in the case is whether or not under the facts related § 932.29, Florida Statutes 1955, F.S.A., immunized relator from prosecution. The pertinent part of said statute is as follows:
'No person shall be excused from attending and testifying or producing any book, paper or other document before any court upon any investigation, proceeding or trial, for a violation of any of the statutes of this state against bribery, burglary, larceny, gaming or gambling * * *, but no person shall be prosecuted or subjected to any penalty or forfeiture for or on account of any transaction, matter or thing concerning which he may so testify or produce evidence, documentary or otherwise * * *.'
The record discloses that relator appeared before the county solicitor on May 9 and 24, 1955. He also appeared before the grand jury October 18, 1955. The appearance May 9, 1955, was on request of the county solicitor and upon advice of his counsel. The evidence taken at that appearance was transmitted to this court but was not before the trial court when it considered the motion to quash. The second appearance of relator before the county solicitor May 24 was in response to the John Doe subpoena commanding him to appear and testify concerning the alleged bribery of the police officer. Relator contends that the testimony given by him at the appearance May 24, 1955, before the county solicitor immunizes him under § 932.29, Florida Statutes 1955, F.S.A.
In State ex rel. Mitchell v. Kelly, Fla.1954, 71 So.2d 887, 895, in an opinion by Mr. Justice Drew, the question of when § 932.29 was applicable, and when applicable the extent of immunity and nature of the testimony required to clothe the witness with immunity was thoroughly considered and the rule for its application was defined. Applying the rule so defined, it is clear that the subject matter of the inquiry was 'bribery,' one of the crimes enumerated in the statute, that the testimony given was responsive to questions relevant to bribery of the police officer, and that the crime with which relator is charged related to bribery but the evidence itself was not of the character that immunizes.
The next question comprehended in the test laid down in State ex rel. Mitchell v. Kelly, supra, having to do with immunity is, did relator's testimony 'constitute a link in the chain of evidence' required to prosecute him for the offense charged. In denying the motion to quash, the lower court held the relator's testimony...
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