State v. Alton
| Decision Date | 09 December 1988 |
| Docket Number | No. C4-87-1823,C4-87-1823 |
| Citation | 432 N.W.2d 754 |
| Parties | STATE of Minnesota, Respondent, v. Mark John ALTON, Appellant. |
| Court | Minnesota Supreme Court |
Syllabus by the Court
1. The evidence was sufficient to sustain defendant's conviction for first-degree murder.
2. The trial court did not abuse its discretion in admitting certain photographs of the murder victim's body.
C. Paul Jones, State Public Defender, Elizabeth B. Davies, Deputy State Public Defender, Minneapolis, for appellant.
Hubert H. Humphrey, III, Atty. Gen., Tom Foley, Ramsey Co. Atty., Steven C. DeCoster, Asst. Co. Atty., St. Paul, for respondent.
Heard, considered, and decided by the court en banc.
Defendant appeals his conviction for first degree murder, claiming that premeditation is lacking as a matter of law and that the trial court erred in admitting certain photographs of the murder victim's body. We affirm.
Defendant Mark John Alton had lived with his girlfriend, Philomena Bifulk, and her three children from a previous marriage from September 1984 to October 1986. In June 1986 the couple rented a house at 627 East Jessamine in St. Paul and both signed the 1-year lease.
In September 1986, Bifulk became romantically involved with Robert Carley and broke off her relationship with defendant. Alton moved out of the house in October, leaving several of his possessions behind, including a VCR and waterbed which had been jointly purchased by the couple. Carley moved in with Bifulk in November. Bifulk and Carley planned to be married on April 18, 1987.
Defendant continued to have contact with Bifulk; he visited her at the Tom Thumb Store where she worked and called her on the phone. In November 1986, defendant removed some speakers from Bifulk's car. In their place he left a note saying Bifulk had made a lot of mistakes the last few months, she would have to suffer the consequences of her mistakes, and he had no control over what his brother or father might do.
On March 10, 1987, 15 days before the murder, defendant visited Bifulk at the Tom Thumb Store. Bifulk testified that defendant threatened her, saying Carley would be a dead man before her wedding came.
On the morning of March 25, 1987, Carley drove Bifulk to work at 5:20 a.m. Around 9:00 a.m. Bifulk received a call from defendant. She testified that he asked to meet her because he had something urgent for her to read. She told him to come over immediately but he said he could not make it until 1:00 p.m. They agreed to meet then.
Carley returned to the store between 8:15 and 9:00 a.m. and then went to breakfast with his father and brother. He returned to the Tom Thumb around 10:15. During this visit he tried to call an attorney representing his father. The attorney's receptionist logged Carley's call at 10:45 a.m. After leaving this message, Carley left the Tom Thumb for home.
Around 12:15 p.m. defendant again called Bifulk at the store. Bifulk testified defendant said he had just done something devastating and terrible, his life was definitely over now, and he loved her. Between 1:00 and 1:30 p.m., Philomena's sister, who was staying with her temporarily, returned to 627 Jessamine with her boyfriend. When they entered the house they discovered Carley's body on the floor. The sister immediately called the police.
Sergeant Laurence Johns of the St. Paul Police Department videotaped the crime scene. This videotape, narrated by Johns, was shown to the jury. There were signs of struggle in the room. The table was tipped over or broken, a chair was tipped over, a pair of glasses was found on the floor, and a wall hanging was lying on the floor. One of the windows was broken from the outside, and broken glass was found under the couch. A .22-caliber semiautomatic rifle was lying on the sofa with a pink towel draped over it. The rifle had been purchased by defendant from a K-Mart in St. Paul on March 20, 1987.
Several shell casings were found throughout the living room and dining area. One live round was also found in the dining area. One of the casings, labeled No. 7 by the State, had a crimp on its side. Police officer Mark Johnston testified that in his experience such a crimp would be caused by a weapon jamming. Rifles of .22 caliber have a dirty type of powder that can build up and cause jamming when the gun is fired repeatedly. To clear the rifle, the bolt has to be manually drawn back and the spent casing cleared by hand. If the bolt were drawn back more than once, a live round could be released. This would explain the presence of the live round next to the crimped casing. James Gag, a firearms expert, determined that one of the expended bullets found at the scene and one of the bullets removed from Carley's body had sufficiently detailed microscopic markings that they could be positively identified as having been fired from the rifle on the sofa.
The medical examiner, Dr. Michael McGee, observed seven entrance bullet wounds--two to the head, three to the chest, one to the left arm, and one to the abdomen--and one exit wound on the right side of the chest. Dr. McGee also observed an oval-shaped bruise above and below the right ear, caused, in his opinion, by a blow from the butt of the rifle administered with great force. Dr. McGee testified as to his theory concerning the order in which the wounds were inflicted. He thought that Carley was shot with at least two separate volleys. The first wound was to the abdomen. The next three wounds were to the chest. These wounds would cause Carley to fall to the ground. The final two wounds were to the head. Dr. McGee testified that due to the presence of powder around the first wound to the head, it was likely that the muzzle was held only inches away from the skin. The second wound to the head had a crescent of abrasion and hemorrhaging around it which suggested to Dr. McGee that the muzzle made direct contact with the skin.
When Bifulk was permitted to reenter the house, she discovered several items missing. The wedding rings belonging to Carley and her had been taken from the upstairs bedroom. Carley's jacket, checkbook, and car were also missing. Bifulk also found a Pepsi can on the headboard of her bed, two empty Pepsi cans in the kitchen trash, a Player Light cigarette butt in an ashtray in the dining room, six to eight Player Light cigarette butts in her car, and a Player Light cigarette package in the kitchen trash. Bifulk's sister was the only person in the household who drank Pepsi and she denied having left a Pepsi can on the headboard. Bifulk testified that Carley only smoked Marlboro's and defendant smoked Player Lights because he was trying to quit.
On March 26, 1987, the day after the murder, Bifulk received a wedding RSVP in the mail. It read: On the back of the RSVP was written, The card was postmarked March 25, 1987.
Defendant was arrested in Dresser, Wisconsin, on March 26, 1987. At the time of his arrest, defendant was driving Carley's car and had Carley's checkbook in his pocket. A rifle was lying on the back seat of the car. Defendant had purchased this second rifle from a K-Mart in Stillwater on March 25 at 11:35 a.m., using Carley's identification and check.
On appeal, Alton argues that, as a matter of law, the evidence of the shooting death with a rifle purchased at a K-Mart store only 5 days before was insufficient to show premeditated murder under Minn.Stat. Sec. 609.185(1) (1986). In reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence, this court makes a painstaking review of the record to determine if the evidence is sufficient to permit the jury to reach the conclusion that it did. State v. Richardson, 393 N.W.2d 657, 661 (Minn.1986). We will not disturb the verdict if the jury, acting with due regard for the presumption of innocence and for the necessity of...
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State v. Owens
...Moreover, extensive planning and calculated deliberation need not be shown to establish premeditation. SDCL 22-16-5; State v. Alton, 432 N.W.2d 754, 756 (Minn.1988). The design to effect death need exist only for an instant before the commission of a crime. Kost, 290 N.W.2d at 486; Bean, 26......
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State v. Davidson
...proof beyond a reasonable doubt, could reasonably conclude that a defendant was proven guilty of the offense charged." State v. Alton, 432 N.W.2d 754, 756 (Minn.1988). A reviewing court also must assume "the jury believed the state's witnesses and disbelieved any evidence to the contrary." ......
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State v. Taylor
...of proof beyond a reasonable doubt, could reasonably conclude the defendant was proven guilty of the charged offense. State v. Alton, 432 N.W.2d 754, 756 (Minn.1988). We must assume the jury believed the state's witnesses and disbelieved any evidence to the contrary. See State v. Moore, 438......
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State v. Collins
...overcoming it by proof beyond a reasonable doubt, could reasonably conclude that a defendant was proven guilty * * * ." State v. Alton, 432 N.W.2d 754, 756 (Minn.1988). Absent special circumstances, this court will uphold a jury's verdict if there is evidence from which the jury could reaso......