State v. Bates, 145A91

• Decision Date: 08 April 1993
• Docket Number: No. 145A91,145A91
• Citation: 428 S.E.2d 693,333 N.C. 523
• Court: North Carolina Supreme Court
• Parties: STATE of North Carolina v. Joseph Earl BATES.

Page 693

428 S.E.2d 693

333 N.C. 523

STATE of North Carolina v. Joseph Earl BATES.

No. 145A91.

Supreme Court of North Carolina.

April 8, 1993.

Appeal of right pursuant to N.C.G.S. § 7A-27(a) from a judgment imposing a sentence of death entered by Rousseau, J., at the 25 February 1991 Special Criminal Session of Superior Court, Yadkin County, on a jury verdict finding defendant guilty of first-degree murder and first-degree kidnapping. On 15 April 1992 this Court allowed defendant's motion to bypass the Court of Appeals on the kidnapping conviction. Heard in the Supreme Court 6 October 1992.

Lacy H. Thornburg, Atty. Gen. by David F. Hoke, Asst. Atty. Gen., Raleigh, for the State.

Malcolm R. Hunter, Jr., Appellate Defender by Gordon Widenhouse, Asst. Appellate Defender, Raleigh, for defendant appellant.

WHICHARD, Justice.

Defendant was tried capitally for murder in the first degree of Charlie Jenkins and, pursuant to the jury's unanimous recommendation, was sentenced to death for the murder. Defendant's pre-trial motion that his preliminary showing of need for funds to hire a mental health expert be heard ex parte was denied by the trial court. We hold, for reasons more fully articulated in State v. Ballard, 333 N.C. 515, 428 S.E.2d 178 (1993), that the trial court's ruling violated defendant's rights under the United States Constitution. As we held in Ballard, this error cannot be shown to have been harmless beyond a reasonable doubt. Defendant is accordingly entitled to a new trial.

On 31 August 1990, following advisement as to his constitutional rights, defendant gave a statement in which he admitted shooting the victim and throwing his hog-tied body into a river. The victim had approached defendant in the parking lot at a bar and asked for a ride home. Defendant had been living in a tent behind his boss's house since someone had broken into and fired into his house. Defendant believed his ex-wife and her boyfriend were responsible for his harassment, and he thought the victim, who later admitted to defendant that he knew defendant's ex-wife, was setting him up and leading him into a trap.

On 29 November 1990 defendant filed a Motion for an Ex Parte Hearing at which he would apply for funds necessary to employ expert witnesses to aid in his defense. Defendant's Notice of Defense of Insanity and Intent to Introduce Expert Testimony Relating to Mental Disease, Defect or Condition was filed the next day.

At a pre-trial motions hearing held 18 December 1990, defendant moved orally for an ex parte hearing for funds necessary to employ expert witnesses to aid in his defense. The trial court denied defense counsel's specific request that the defense be permitted to present evidence supporting his motion for funds in an ex parte hearing. Defense counsel then tendered a Motion for Funds for Expert Assistance, to which he attached an affidavit by Dr. John Warren, a forensic psychologist. In the affidavit the psychologist concluded "that the defendant was probably psychologically disturbed to a significant degree," based on Dr. Warren's having been informed that at the time of the murder

[defendant] had been suffering from extreme harassment by an individual or individuals which placed the defendant in such fear that he moved out of his home and into a tent in the woods, could not and did not sleep for a significant period of time, was later fired from his job because of the harassment and became obsessed with this fear for his life [and that] defendant ... attempted suicide while incarcerated in the Yadkin County Jail.

In addition to Dr. Warren's affidavit, the motion was supported by defendant's testimony as to his depression, stress, and memory loss. Following her cross-examination of defendant, the prosecutor suggested to the trial court that defendant's motion "under all the circumstances, perhaps, ... should be granted."

The trial court denied defendant's motion for his own expert, but allowed the State's motion that defendant be evaluated in response to defendant's notice of intent to rely on the defense of insanity. The trial court accordingly ordered that defendant be sent to Dorothea Dix Hospital for observation as to his capacity to proceed. The trial court's written order specifically stated that defendant's being committed to Dorothea Dix Hospital was "for purposes of ... evaluating his sanity at the time of the alleged offenses and determining his capacity to proceed to trial."

The resulting evaluation included findings that defendant was a heavy alcohol drinker with an IQ of 82 who feels uneasy in social situations and is possibly hypersensitive to criticism. The evaluation stated that defendant's memory was "intact with no obvious perceptual motor difficulties," his cognitive functioning represented no brain dysfunction or deterioration, and his personality showed "[n]o indications of mood thought disorder." The evaluating psychiatrist concluded that defendant did not have "a disorder that would prevent him from being capable of proceeding to trial or relieve him of responsibility for his actions."

At an open, pre-trial hearing held 16 January 1991, defense counsel again tendered a motion for the expert assistance of a psychologist. Defense counsel did not reiterate his request that the hearing be ex parte. The request was directed specifically at defendant's need for assistance with...