State v. Bennett
| Decision Date | 06 November 2018 |
| Docket Number | No. COA18-294,COA18-294 |
| Citation | 262 N.C.App. 287,822 S.E.2d 92 |
| Parties | STATE of North Carolina v. Leon BENNETT, Defendant. |
| Court | North Carolina Court of Appeals |
Attorney General Joshua H. Stein, by Assistant Attorney General Joseph L. Hyde, for the State.
Appellate Defender Glenn Gerding, by Assistant Appellate Defender Andrew DeSimone, for defendant-appellee.
On issuance of a writ of certiorari, the State challenges an order granting defendant's motion for reconsideration and motion for appropriate relief. Because the requirements for counsel to advise a defendant of the immigration consequences of a plea agreement established by Padilla do not apply retroactively, we reverse.
In 1997, defendant pled no contest to possessing cocaine with the intent to sell or deliver. In 2015, defendant filed a motion for appropriate relief. Defendant alleged that at the time of his plea, "no factual basis existed in fact or in law to support that Defendant's possession of cocaine was with intent to sell and/or deliver." On 19 July 2016, at the hearing on the matter, defendant raised a claim under Padilla v. Kentucky , 559 U.S. 356, 130 S.Ct. 1473, 176 L.Ed.2d 284 (2010), and argued he was not informed of the impact his conviction would have on his immigration status, particularly the risk of deportation. The trial court specifically noted defendant was raising a ground not part of his filed MAR but allowed defendant to amend his written motion.
On 22 July 2016, defendant filed his amended MAR, alleging that when he entered his plea, he was not advised, as required by Padilla , "that a criminal felony conviction could be a basis for deportation proceedings." On 18 August 2016, the trial court entered an order denying defendant's MAR. The trial court found that "Defendant was advised of the consequences regarding the possibility of deportation, exclusion from this country, and the denial of naturalization under federal law at the time the plea was entered, as evidenced by the transcript of plea contained in the court file[.]" The order also decreed that "Petitioner's failure to assert any other grounds in his Motion is a BAR to any other claims, assertions, petitions, or motions he might hereafter file in this case, pursuant to N.C.G.S. § 15A-1419 [.]" (Emphasis in original).
In 2017, defendant filed a motion to reconsider his amended MAR. Defendant's motion for reconsideration alleged he was entitled to reconsideration under State v. Nkiam , 369 N.C. 61, 791 S.E.2d 457 (2016). The application of Padilla as discussed in Nkiam was the only ground for reconsideration defendant alleged. The trial court held a hearing on the motion to reconsider on 1 June 2017, and on 13 June 2017, the trial court entered an order granting defendant's motion for reconsideration and his MAR. The trial court found that defendant "was not informed of the absolute consequences that he would be removed and/or deported by the Federal Government as a result of his ‘nolo contendere’ plea for a time served sentence" and decreed that he was "not provided effective counsel," "denied the right to trial by jury[,]" and convicted "in violation of the Constitution of the United States or the Constitution of North Carolina." (Quotation marks omitted.) The State filed a petition for a writ of certiorari, which this Court allowed.
As noted, defendant's motion for reconsideration was based on Nkiam , and his argument at the hearing also focused on Nkiam , which his counsel argued "surprised a lot of the bar" and placed a "fairly heavy burden" on defense counsel by going "beyond what a lot of people interpreted Padilla " required "as just advising of risk." Nkiam was decided by this Court in 2015, and the North Carolina Supreme Court ultimately concluded per curiam that discretionary review was improvidently allowed. See Nkiam , 369 N.C. 61, 791 S.E.2d 457. Defendant's counsel argued that when the trial court denied his original MAR, the precedential value of Nkiam was "pretty much clouded" but since the Supreme Court had dismissed the appeal, Nkiam had become "the law of this state[.]" Defense counsel argued that because Nkiam required counsel to advise an immigrant defendant he would be deported, and not just that he had a risk of deportation, his plea was not entered knowingly and voluntarily under Padilla . Defendant argued no basis for reconsideration or for his MAR other than his counsel's failure to advise him of the consequences of his plea based upon Padilla and Nkiam .
On appeal, the State contends the trial court erred in allowing defendant's motion for appropriate relief because Padilla does not apply retroactively to defendant. The State is correct; in State v. Alshaif , this Court determined Padilla did not apply retroactively and concluded:
Padilla raises the question of the extent to which attorneys can be expected to anticipate the expansion of their obligations under Strickland [v. Washington , 466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984) ] and the Sixth Amendment. We conclude that Padilla was a significant departure from prior requirements and hold that the decision therefore created a new rule, the retroactive application of which would be unreasonable . We therefore hold that the trial court did not err by concluding that Padilla was inapplicable to Defendant's case.
State v. Alshaif , 219 N.C. App. 162, 171, 724 S.E.2d 597, 604 (2012) (emphasis added).
Defendant entered his plea in 1997; Padilla was decided in 2010, and is not applied retroactively. See id. Defendant's and the trial court's reliance upon Nkiam is misplaced because it does not address retroactivity. In Nkiam , the defendant entered his plea in 2013, so the requirements of Padilla applied. See generally State v. Nkiam , 243 N.C. App. 777, 778, 778 S.E.2d 863, 864 (2015). Based upon Padilla , Nkiam held that counsel must advise the defendant not just of a risk of deportation if the consequence of the particular conviction is clearly deportation. Id. at 786, 778 S.E.2d at 869. But since Padilla does not apply retroactively, Nkiam also has no application to defendant's plea or MAR. We therefore reverse the trial court's order. Because we are reversing based on Padilla , we need not address the State's other issue on appeal.
Defendant contends this Court should affirm the order because the trial court found a second ground, not based on Padilla , for allowing his MAR. Defendant further argues that since the State has failed...
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