State v. Black

Decision Date09 May 1973
Docket NumberNo. 65,65
Citation196 S.E.2d 225,283 N.C. 344
CourtNorth Carolina Supreme Court
PartiesSTATE of North Carolina v. Bobby Ray BLACK.

Frank Patton Cooke, Gastonia, for defendant-appellant.

MOORE, Justice.

Defendant brings forward two assignments of error. The first raises the question whether the trial judge committed prejudicial error in permitting the solicitor, over the defendant's objections and motions for mistrial, to propound questions to the defendant relating to his alleged assaults on other persons on other occasions not related to this case.

This assignment is based upon the following questions asked by Solicitor Morris while cross-examining defendant:

'Q. And you didn't tell Bill Wilson you had a pistol loaded back there did you?

A. No.

Q. You stayed in his business a couple of hours with that pistol, didn't you?

A. No.

Q. And you went there to kill him?

A. No.

Q. Just like Ross Brackett--you cut him . . .

OBJECTION

. . . from ear to ear, didn't you?

A. No, sir.

OVERRULED

MR. COOKE: Motion for a mistrial, if the court please.

Q. Do you deny that on December 16, 1951, you took a pocket knife and cut Ross Brackett?

OBJECTION AND MOTION FOR MISTRIAL

COURT: Do you want to be heard?

MR. COOKE: Yes, sir.

COURT: Members of the jury, step out to your room.

JURY OUT

MR. COOKE: (Argument on motion.)

COURT: OVERRULED; MOTION FOR MISTRIAL DENIED. Bring the jury back in.

MR. COOKE: Judge, he asked him if he cut him from ear to ear.

COURT: OBJECTION OVERRULED.

JURY IN

Q. I'll ask you again, didn't you on December 16, 1951, cut Ross Brackett with a knife in a violent manner?

OBJECTION AND MOTION FOR MISTRIAL.

COURT: OVERRULED; MOTION DENIED.

A. I jobbed him. He had me down on the floor--there was three of them had me down and I stuck it right in there and that was it.

MOTION FOR MISTRIAL; DENIED.

Q. I'll ask you if you didn't beat Mr. Ted Brady of 29 Maple Street in Banlo down to the floor?

OBJECTION AND MOTION FOR MISTRIAL; OVERRULED.

A. No, sir. I don't know anything about that.

Q. I'll ask you if you place of business out on West Franklin Boulevard is not next to Ellis-Bowen Carpet Company?

A. Yes, it is.

Q. And I'll ask you if the two people that run that are not Don Ellis and Bobby Bowen?

A. Yes, it is.

Q. I'll ask you if within the last month you haven't been over there with them and threatened to put a cap in them?

OBJECTION SUSTAINED.

A. No, I haven't.

MOTION FOR MISTRIAL: DENIED; EXCEPTION.'

Defendant contends that the questions asked were more in the nature of testimony and arguments, were designed solely to paint the defendant as the agressor and to damage his character by insinuation, and that such questions under State v. Phillips, 240 N.C. 516, 82 S.E.2d 762 (1954), were improper. In Phillips the solicitor asked seventeen questions insinuating various wrongdoings of the defendant. Objections to only three questions were sustained, and the defendant answered the remaining fourteen. Furthermore, while the solicitor was asking the defendant in that case question pertaining to his service as a policeman in Lowell, counsel for the defense appealed to the presiding judge to protect their client against the cross-examination on the ground that it was tantamount to the solicitor's testifying. The solicitor made this instant retort in the presence of the jury: 'I'm a pretty good witness. You know I lived at Lowell.' Under these circumstances this Court held that the solicitor had violated the rules of practice governing cross-examination to such an extent as to deprive the defendant of a fair trial.

The present case is factually distinguishable from Phillips. Here the solicitor's questions relate to only three occurrences. The first related to defendant's cutting Ross Brackett with a knife. Defendant answered this question to the effect that he did indeed stab Ross Brackett and then gave his version as to how and why he did so. The next referred to the fact that defendant beat Ted Brady. Defendant denied that he knew anything about this. The last instance referred to threats to someone at Ellis-Bowen Carpet Company. The court sustained defendant's objection to this question, but after the objection was sustained defendant voluntarily answered that he had not threatened anyone. Thus, one question was answered in the affirmative, and the other two were answered in the negative. These questions involved collateral matters. Defendant's negative answers were conclusive and rendered the questions harmless. State v. Ross, 275 N.C. 550, 169 S.E.2d 875 (1969); State v. King, 224 N.C. 329, 30 S.E.2d 230 (1944); 7 Strong, N.C.Index 2d, Witnesses § 8, p. 701 et seq.

It is permissible for the purpose of impeachment to cross-examine a defendant in a criminal case by asking disparaging questions concerning collateral matters relating to his criminal and degrading conduct, since such questions related to matters within the knowledge of the witness. Such questions may cover a wide range and are permissible within the discretion of the court. State v. Mack, 282 N.C. 334, 193 S.E.2d 71 (1972); State v. Williams, 279 N.C. 663, 185 S.E.2d 174 (1971).

As stated by Justice Higgins in State v. Ross, supra:

'. . . The trial judge hears all witnesses and observes their demeanor as they testify. He knows the background of the case and is thus in a favorable position to control the scope of the cross examination. The appellate court reviews a cold record. For this reason, the trial court, because of its favored position, should have wide discretion in the control of the trial. Its rulings should not be disturbed except when prejudicial error is disclosed. State v. Sheffield, 251 N.C. 309, 111 S.E.2d 195; State v. Stone, 226 N.C. 97, 36 S.E.2d 704; State v. Wray, 217 N.C. 167, 7 S.E.2d 468; State v. Beal, 199 N.C. 278, 154 S.E. 604; State v. Davidson, 67 N.C. 119; State v. Patterson, 24 N.C. 346; Wigmore on Evidence, 3d Ed., 495. . . .'

Here, no prejudicial error is disclosed. This assignment is overruled.

Defendant's other assignment of error relates to a portion of the judge's charge. The presiding judge charged the jury that it could return one of three verdicts: Guilty of murder in the second degree, guilty of manslaughter, or not guilty of either offense. The judge correctly defined second degree murder and manslaughter and fully explained defendant's right of self-defense. Defendant did not object to any of the charges except the following:

'The court instructs you, members of the jury, if a person kills in the heat of passion, that may reduce the crime from murder in the second degree to manslaughter. Now, the defendant in this case, members of the jury, has offered evidence tending to show and contends that it does show that he was struck across the shoulder and head with a cue stick and that that produced in him a sudden passion; and the court instructs you that to strike a man across the shoulder with a cue stick would be sufficient provocation to produce in the mind of a man of fair average disposition a sudden passion, and the law so recognizes it, which amounts to an assault upon the defendant and that that produced in his mind a sudden passion and that while this was on him and before he had time to cool, that he pulled the gun and fired the shot. The court instructs you that under those circumstances, if you are so satisfied, the defendant could be guilty of no more than manslaughter, if guilty at all. Under such cases, passion or anger so aroused is held to displace malice.

'The defendant contends, however, members of the jury, that he is not guilty of manslaughter. He says that while he may have satisfied you that he was struck with the cue stick and became in a passionate mood, that he was actually fighting in his own proper self-defense. He says and contends that when Wilson struck him with the cue stick that he then was on the defensive to protect himself from death or serious bodily harm and that whatever you may determine that took place and what he did was done in his own proper self-defense.'

Defendant contends that the presiding judge violated G.S. § 1--180 by erroneously instructing the jury that it was the defendant's contention that he was struck about the shoulder and head with a cue stick, that this produced in him a sudden passion, and before he had time to cool he pulled his gun and fired the shot. Defendant says that he made no such contention. To the contrary, he contends that immediately upon being struck by the cue stick he pulled his gun and fired, not because of anger or passion suddenly aroused but to save his own life and prevent Wilson from beating him to death or severely injuring him.

Defendant did not object to the statement of this contention at the time. Since the argument of the attorney for defendant is not brought forward in the record, we do not know that contention might have been made by defendant's attorney to the jury. Moreover, an examination of the record discloses evidence from which inferences related by the court as a contention of defendant could fairly and logically be drawn by the jury. A statement of a valid contention based on competent evidence is not error. State v. Virgil, 276 N.C. 217, 172 S.E.2d 28...

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  • State v. Herbin
    • United States
    • North Carolina Supreme Court
    • November 6, 1979
    ...was convicted of assault on a female. There was no error in asking defendant about this prior instance of misconduct. State v. Black, 283 N.C. 344, 196 S.E.2d 225 (1973). In a separate incident, defendant was charged with the rape of Virginia Pearson on 8 August 1978 in Richmond, Virginia. ......
  • State v. Mayhand
    • United States
    • North Carolina Supreme Court
    • November 6, 1979
    ...scope of such cross-examination, and his rulings should not be disturbed except when prejudicial error is disclosed. State v. Black, 283 N.C. 344, 196 S.E.2d 225 (1973); State v. Stone, 226 N.C. 97, 36 S.E.2d 704 (1946); State v. Wray, 217 N.C. 167, 7 S.E.2d 468 In the instant case, the tri......
  • State v. Wright
    • United States
    • North Carolina Court of Appeals
    • June 2, 1981
    ...scope of cross-examination and its rulings should not be disturbed unless prejudicial error is clearly demonstrated. State v. Black, 283 N.C. 344, 196 S.E.2d 225 (1973); State v. Ross, 275 N.C. 550, 169 S.E.2d 875 (1969), cert. denied, 397 U.S. 1050, 90 S.Ct. 1387, 25 L.Ed.2d 665 (1970). It......
  • State v. Lowe, 2
    • United States
    • North Carolina Supreme Court
    • October 17, 1978
    ...is supportive of such a contention. A statement of a valid contention based on competent evidence is not error. State v. Black, 283 N.C. 344, 196 S.E.2d 225 (1973); State v. Virgil, 276 N.C. 217, 172 S.E.2d 28 (1970). Furthermore, the clear rule is that contentions which are thought to be o......
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