State v. Butler
| Decision Date | 10 April 1912 |
| Citation | 135 N.W. 628,155 Iowa 204 |
| Parties | STATE OF IOWA, Appellee, v. JOHN C. BUTLER, Appellant |
| Court | Iowa Supreme Court |
Appeal from Hamilton District Court.--HON. C. G. LEE, Judge.
DEFENDANT was indicted for the crime of an assault with intent to murder. Upon a second trial, the case having once before been in this court, he was convicted of an assault with intent to commit great bodily injury, and was sentenced to the county jail for the period of one year. He appeals.--Reversed and remanded.
Reversed and remanded.
G. D Thompson and D. C. Chase, for appellant.
George Cosson, Attorney-General, and John Fletcher, Assistant Attorney-General, for the State.
OPINION
I.
Upon a former appeal the facts as they then appeared of record are quite fully set forth in the opinion, which is reported in 146 Iowa 285. Upon the second trial the state relied entirely upon the testimony of the prosecuting witness, Young, who was the night policeman of the city of Webster City, and he materially changed his testimony on this second trial. We quote the following from the record now before us:
I saw the defendant, Butler, on the morning of August 1, 1908. I was standing on the crossing between the Buster Brown corner and the savings bank. I was just approaching the crossing at the time I first saw Butler. I was approaching from the east, and was in the street, near the center of the street. Mr. Butler was down the street at about the Teed drug store, which is about one hundred and twenty-five feet east. It was about fifteen minutes to three. I was going over to meet the No. 1 passenger train, which arrives about three sixteen. It was about thirty minutes before that train was due that I first saw Butler. Homer Howard was with me. A fellow by the name of Chas. Wedding was with Butler. . . . When I first saw Butler and Wedding, Homer was with me. Mr. Butler was going west, walking very fast. Come up to where we were with Wedding, probably within two or three feet. I was in the middle of the street. Q. Now, when he came within three feet of you, as you say, what was his manner, what was his appearance? . . . He appeared to be very angry. . . . Howard was the first to speak. He said: John said: 'To hell with that explosion.' He came up probably two or three feet of us. He said: 'Young, I have something to say to you. What the hell have you been talking about my place? And I noticed he had something in his hand he tried to conceal under his coat. I did not know at the time just what it was, but I kept looking. I says: He said no damned officer could make him go home; and Howard asked Butler then 'what he had in his hand.' He said: 'Never mind what I got in my hand.' At that time Butler says: 'I have come up to get you, and I am going to kill you.' He said that to me. He looked right at me. I took my bicycle and laid it off to one side, and at that time I noticed his knife in the right hand. And I said: 'Howard, catch that hand.' Howard told him to give him that knife, and I thought I had better take hold of his hand, and at that time he make a slash at me with the knife. He struck at me, and I could not get back quick enough, and then I hit him with the club, and he fell down. Q. When was it with reference to the time that he struck you with a knife, that you say you struck him with your billy? A. He struck me with a knife, and then I struck him with the billy I had. Q. Can you give the jury some description of the knife from what you saw of it? A. The blade of it was about three and one-half inches long. I saw the blade of it, and he had his hand over the handle, and I could not see the handle. After I struck him with the billy, he went down and got right up again, and went to cutting me with the knife. When I got a chance to hit him with the billy, I told Howard to catch him. He finally took hold of his hand. I do not know what became of the knife. . . . Butler cut me with the knife first on the left side of my face. There is a scar there. It is from the cheek bone along about the lower part of the chin, about to the bone or close to it. . . . I did not see Butler take the knife out of his pocket that night. He first ask me if I had been talking about his place. Once before that I was coming up from my home to go on duty. On Senaca street we met. When he said he was going to get me, I says, 'All right, any time.' In a way I had been talking about his place before that. . . . Q. When John came up and asked you what you had been saying about his place, did you tell him you were not afraid of him or of his knife either? A. I do not remember of saying anything like that. Q. You don't remember saying that? A. No. I did not tell John what I was going to arrest him for. I could not say he was drunk. I had not heard of his committing any crime. . . . After he told me what he had come to do to me, I told him I would have to arrest him. Q. Then you hit him? A. No, sir; he struck me first. He struck me in the face, and that is what made the cut. After that I hit him on the top of the head.
There is some little corroboration of this testimony in the cross-examination of the witness Howard, although this witness persisted in testifying as follows:
Q. State who struck the first blow? A. I think that Young did. I am sure that Young did. Butler said 'What have you been talking about me and my place for?' and Young said, 'You go home and attend to your business.' Butler said, Young says, 'What you got in that hand there?' Butler says, 'None of your damned business.' Young says, and Young hit him. Q. Had Butler made any threats prior to that time? A. Never only what I have said. Q. Did he say anything about killing Young? A. Not at that time. I think that, after he knocked him down two or three times, he says, 'I will kill you.' Q. I understand you to say on direct testimony here that Butler said to Young, 'What have you got in our hand?' You did not mean that? A. I do not think I said it. I said that Young said, 'What have you got in your hand?' He says, 'None of your damned business.' And he says, 'You got a knife;' and Young says, 'Take hold of that hand.'
The witness Howard also changed his testimony in some respects on this second trial. Manifestly there was enough in this testimony to take the case to a jury upon the question as to whether or not defendant committed the first assault, and it was for the jury to weigh this testimony in the light of the statements made by the prosecuting witness on the former trial.
II. Many propositions are relied upon for a reversal; but, in view of the conclusion reached and of the fact that most of the questions presented will not arise upon a retrial, we shall not consider all. One of the most important and vital points in the case was, Who made the first assault? And the trial court in his charge gave the following, among other instructions:
(4) An assault is an unlawful attempt or threat, by violence, to do injury to the person of another. To constitute an assault, it is not necessary that an actual injury be inflicted, but it is sufficient if there be an unlawful attempt or threat to do violence, coupled with the present means and intention of carrying the threat into effect or execution.
(14) It is claimed by the defendant that whatever was done by him at the time and place charged in the indictment was justifiable, and done on his part in self-defense, to repel an unlawful assault made by the said Young upon the defendant. The law recognizes the right of every person about to be injured to offer such resistance as to him, acting as a reasonably prudent person under the circumstances, appears to be necessary to prevent a threatened injury to his person. It is also true that the danger which will justify the resort to self-defense need not be real, but only as would lead a reasonably prudent man to believe in its reality; and in estimating the nature of the imminence of the danger and in the choice of means to avoid it, or the amount of force to be used in repelling it, the excitement and confusion of the surrounding circumstances must be considered, and a person is not held to that cool, deliberate judgment, in estimating the danger or choice of means unaffected by excitement or danger and subsequently contemplating the situation.
The defendant contended that Young committed the first assault by striking him with a billy, and that he, Young, was not attempting to arrest him for any offense or supposed offense. It was important to him that the instructions correctly defined an unlawful assault. There was testimony that defendant had previously made threats against Young, and that he reiterated them just prior to the affray in question, and it was also shown that defendant had a knife in his hand at the beginning of the trouble; but it is hornbook law that mere threats to do violence to the person of another, although coupled with the present ability to carry them into execution, do not constitute an assault. We quote the following from McClain's Criminal Law as an accurate statement of the law:
Where the offense consists of an attempt to do injury, there must be, as in other cases of attempt, something more than a mere intention. Some step must be taken toward carrying out the intent. Thus mere preparation is not enough, nor mere threats unaccompanied with any offer of violence, nor the presentation of a dangerous weapon without manifestation of intention...
To continue reading
Request your trial