State v. Cameron, 11A85

• Decision Date: 01 October 1985
• Docket Number: No. 11A85,11A85
• Citation: 335 S.E.2d 9,314 N.C. 516
• Court: North Carolina Supreme Court
• Parties: STATE of North Carolina v. John Robert CAMERON.

Page 9

335 S.E.2d 9

314 N.C. 516

STATE of North Carolina v. John Robert CAMERON.

No. 11A85.

Supreme Court of North Carolina.

Oct. 1, 1985.

Lacy H. Thornburg, Atty. Gen. by George W. Boylan, Asst. Atty. Gen., Raleigh, for the State.

Wishart, Norris, Henninger & Pittman by June K. Allison, Burlington, for defendant-appellant.

MEYER, Justice.

Defendant assigns as error the failure of the trial court to specifically find as an additional mitigating factor the defendant's conduct while confined in the Alamance County jail, in aiding in the prevention of a possible jailbreak by providing information which led to the recovery of eighteen hacksaw blades and the discovery of sawed-through window bars. Defendant contends that, as is the case with a statutory mitigating factor, where a non-statutory mitigating factor urged is supported by substantial, uncontradicted, and credible evidence and is clearly related to the purposes of sentencing, the Fair Sentencing Act requires the trial judge to consider it. We disagree.

If a sentence greater than the presumptive term is to be imposed upon a defendant, the trial judge must make written findings of aggravating and mitigating factors. G.S. § 15A-1340.4(b). The record must specifically reflect each factor in mitigation or aggravation which the trial judge finds proven by a preponderance of the evidence. Id. G.S. § 15A-1340.4 expressly distinguishes between factors which the General Assembly requires trial judges to consider ("statutory factors") and other, "non-statutory" factors which may be considered. Regarding non-statutory factors that are proven by a preponderance of the evidence and are reasonably related to the purposes of sentencing, such as conduct while awaiting sentencing, the trial judge may consider them, but such consideration is not required. G.S. § 15A-1340.4(a); State v. Jones, 309 N.C. 214, 306 S.E.2d 451 (1983). See State v. Locklear, 34 N.C.App. 37, 237 S.E.2d 289 (1977), rev'd on other grounds, 294 N.C. 210, 241 S.E.2d 65 (1978).

In State v. Spears, 314 N.C. 319, 333 S.E.2d 242 (1985), this Court reviewed the precise issue urged by defendant here, except that in Spears the non-statutory mitigating factor urged was the rendering of aid by the defendant to his victim. There, we held that "a trial judge's consideration of a non-statutory factor which is (1) requested by the defendant, (2) proven by uncontradicted, substantial and manifestly credible evidence, and (3) mitigating in effect, is a matter entrusted to the sound discretion of the sentencing judge under N.C.G.S. § 15A-1340.4(a). Thus, his failure to find such a non-statutory mitigating factor will not be disturbed on appeal absent a showing of abuse of discretion." Spears, 314 N.C. at ----, 333 S.E.2d at 244.

Defendant argues that evidence was also presented at the sentencing hearing that he was a "model inmate" while incarcerated. Defendant did not present this assignment of error to the Court of Appeals, but instead presented only the question of his aiding in prevention of a possible jailbreak. Though defendant's assignment of error before this Court includes this new contention, our review must be limited to the issue or issues presented to the Court of Appeals and which are the basis of the dissenting opinion where, as is the case here, an appeal is premised on the dissent. N.C.R.App.P. 14(b)(1). Because Judge Phillips' dissenting commentary addressed only defendant's "preventing a jailbreak" and made no reference to defendant's otherwise exemplary conduct while incarcerated, our consideration of whether the trial judge abused his discretion is confined to the evidence regarding defendant's "preventing a jailbreak."

A ruling committed to a trial judge's discretion will be upset only upon a showing that it could not have been the result of a reasoned decision. State v. Lyszaj, 314 N.C. 256, 333 S.E.2d 288 (1985); White v. White, 312 N.C. 770, 324 S.E.2d 829 (1985). Defendant has failed to make such a showing, and we fail to find any abuse of discretion to have occurred. Therefore, we hold that the trial court did not err in failing to find defendant's possible prevention of a jailbreak as a mitigating factor. This assignment of error is overruled.

As we indicated in Spears, the power to determine those statutory mitigating and aggravating factors which must be considered by the sentencing judge lies solely within the discretion of the legislature. Should the legislature deem it appropriate to amend G.S. § 15A-1340.4(a)(2) to include "aiding in the prevention of a jailbreak," it may do so. We decline to add this factor to that list under the guise of judicial construction.

Defendant also assigns as error the failure of the trial court to find as an additional mitigating factor that the defendant acted under strong provocation or that the relationship between defendant and victim was otherwise extenuating. Defendant contends that the breakup of his marriage and certain events associated therewith contributed to his conduct and should have been found by the trial court in mitigation. This contention is without merit.

Enumerated in G.S. § 15A-1340.4(a)(2) are the statutory factors which must be considered by the sentencing judge. The mitigating factor urged here is included. G.S. § 15A-1340.4(a)(2)(i). A duty is placed upon the judge to examine the evidence to determine if it would support any of the statutory factors even absent a request by counsel. State v. Gardner, 312 N.C. 70, 320 S.E.2d 688 (1984). The sentencing judge is required to find a statutory factor when the...