State v. Claybourne, 1741--II

• Decision Date: 29 September 1975
• Docket Number: No. 1741--II,1741--II
• Citation: 541 P.2d 1230,14 Wn.App. 314
• Parties: The STATE of Washington, Respondent, v. Harvey O'Dell CLAYBOURNE, Appellant.
• Court: Washington Court of Appeals

Page 314

14 Wn.App. 314

541 P.2d 1230

The STATE of Washington, Respondent, v. Harvey O'Dell CLAYBOURNE, Appellant.

No. 1741--II.

Court of Appeals of Washington, Division 2.

Sept. 29, 1975.

Lawrence W. Moore, Tacoma, for appellant.

Joseph D. Mladinov, Sp. Counsel, Donald F. Herron, Pros. Atty., Tacoma, for respondent.

REED, Judge.

Harvey Claybourne appeals from a conviction of grand larceny on a charge of stealing a leather coat from the Nordstrom Best store in the Tacoma Mall.

At trial the coat was received in evidence and prosecution witnesses testified to a wholesale value of $80 and to a retail value of $165. Defendant offered no evidence on value.

The sole assignment of error is directed to the judge's refusal to give proffered instructions defining petit larceny and declaring that such is a lesser-included offense within the crime charged. Defendant's argument is bottomed on the theory that the jury could examine the coat and make their own determination of its value, which they could find to be less than the amounts testified to. We disagree and affirm.

Suffice it to say the defendant misconceives the office of tangible evidence. The coat was offered and received, not as evidence of its value, but for the article itself, I.e., to prove that a coat had been stolen. The coat thereafter served as the foundation for opinion evidence as to its value. Had the State produced no such independent evidence the defendant would be here challenging the sufficiency of the evidence to prove the charge--and he would be sustained. This is the case of the proverbial 'two-way street.' See 52A C.J.S. Larceny § 133b(1) (1968) and United States v. Wilson, 284 F.2d 407 (4th Cir. 1960), in which the government produced no evidence of the value of 72 rifles (claimed to be worth $7,500), and the court said at 408:

Nor, in the absence of any proof of value, could the jury be permitted to speculate on this point merely from the appearance of the articles.

State v. Cohen, 143 Wash. 464, 255 P. 910 (1927) is dispositive of the issue before us. The antiquity and obscurity of that decision impels us to burden the reader by publication of the present opinion.

In Cohen the court states that petit larceny is, of course, an included offense in the charge of grand larceny and should be presented to the jury if the evidence in the case presents a conflict as to the value of the thing taken. There being no conflict in the evidence in the Cohen case, the court went on to state at 467, 255 P. at 911:

It is plain to be seen that to adopt the rule prayed for by appellant would require the submission in every grand larceny case of the lesser crime of petit larceny, no matter what the value of the article, because the jury, having seen the article, might say that it was worth less than twenty-five dollars . . .. We are not disposed to adopt such a rule . . .

In People v. Irrizari, 5 N.Y.2d 142, 146, 182 N.Y.S.2d 361, 364, 156 N.E.2d 69, 71 (1959), the New York Court of Appeals addressed the value question in these words:

In short, market value, . . . denotes not the value of the goods in the market in which the owner had purchased them...