State v. Cross

• Decision Date: 11 April 1997
• Docket Number: No. 118PA96,118PA96
• Citation: 345 N.C. 713,483 S.E.2d 432
• Parties: STATE of North Carolina v. Thomas Franklin CROSS, Jr.
• Court: North Carolina Supreme Court

Page 432

483 S.E.2d 432

345 N.C. 713

STATE of North Carolina v. Thomas Franklin CROSS, Jr.

No. 118PA96.

Supreme Court of North Carolina.

April 11, 1997.

Michael F. Easley, Attorney General by Teresa L. Harris, Associate Attorney General, for the State-appellant.

W. Hugh Thompson, Raleigh, for defendant-appellee.

LAKE, Justice.

The defendant was tried and convicted of first-degree kidnapping, common-law robbery, assault with a deadly weapon inflicting serious injury, and nine counts of obtaining property by false pretense. Judge Hight sentenced defendant to a total of sixty years' imprisonment.

At trial, the State's evidence tended to show that Nancy White, the victim, arrived at the Crabtree Sheraton Hotel in Raleigh, North Carolina, on Friday, 22 October 1993. White parked her automobile in the hotel's left side parking lot. After retrieving her luggage from the trunk, White locked her car and checked into the hotel. None of the doors, except the driver's door, were opened at that time. White checked out of the hotel on the morning of Sunday, 24 October 1993. During her stay, White did not move her car, place anything in her car or take anything out of her car.

As White loaded her luggage into the trunk of her car, a man passed between her vehicle and an adjacent vehicle. White testified that she "glanced up for a split second and back down again because he was moving fast, he was walking swiftly and just went by." A few seconds later, White glanced down and noticed the shadow of a person approaching from behind. White testified that before she could react, the individual grabbed her arms and said, "get in the car." When White refused, she was thrown face down between the parked automobiles and beaten on her back and on the back of her head. The assailant obtained White's car keys, opened both the front and rear doors on the driver's side of the car, forced White into the backseat and got behind the wheel. The assailant then reached back with his right hand; grabbed White's hair, causing her head to be pulled back "at a very awkward angle"; and threatened to cut White's throat if she did not remain quiet. The assailant began driving.

After some time had passed, the assailant let go of White's hair and told her not to move and not to look at him. The assailant handed White some cards from White's wallet and demanded that she give him a bank card. White surrendered her ATM card and her access code. The assailant made numerous stops for money. Eventually, White heard the car being driven over gravel. The assailant stopped the car, cut the motor off and left. White then drove her automobile until she located a police officer and reported the incident.

A review of White's bank records revealed nine attempted ATM withdrawals from White's account on 24 October 1993. The assailant was able to withdraw one hundred dollars on three separate occasions. His other attempted withdrawals were unsuccessful.

Although White was unable to see her assailant clearly because her glasses had fallen off at some point during the attack, she described him to the best of her ability and assisted the police in the creation of a composite sketch. Defendant was subsequently arrested and fingerprinted. At the time of his arrest, the defendant was found hiding from police in an apartment near the location where the assailant had abandoned White's car. Defendant had also shaved his head and repeatedly denied that his name was Cross.

At trial, White could neither identify nor eliminate the defendant as the person who attacked her. White did state that the defendant fit the general description and appearance of the person who committed the crimes.

Agent Ken Duke of the City/County Bureau of Identification testified that he processed White's vehicle for latent fingerprints across the trunk and along the vehicle doors. He also processed various items left inside the vehicle. Agent Duke was able to locate four latent prints, three on the vehicle and one on White's driver's license. One of the prints found was a partial latent print lifted off the left (driver's side) rear door on the very rear edge of the door.

Agent Joseph Ludas, a latent print examiner with the City/County Bureau of Identification and an expert in the field of fingerprint identification, identified the fingerprint taken from the left rear door of White's vehicle as corresponding to the right index finger of the defendant. Agent Ludas testified that the defendant's finger contacted White's car on the edge of the left rear door in a twisting, turning motion. Agent Ludas also testified that the ridge detail, due to its darkness and width, indicated that the defendant used a lot of pressure when he left the print on the vehicle. The remaining three prints were of "poor quality" and could not be identified.

Prior to the weekend of the attack, White's vehicle had never been in Raleigh. Defendant had never been a guest in her vehicle, and White did not know of any period of time when defendant would have been around her vehicle.

At the close of the State's evidence, defendant moved to dismiss the charges based on the insufficiency of the evidence. The trial court denied the defendant's motion, the jury returned verdicts of guilty, and the defendant appealed. The Court of Appeals reversed the trial court, holding that there was insufficient evidence to show that defendant's fingerprint, which was the only evidence tending to prove defendant committed the crimes charged, could only have been impressed at the time the crimes were committed. We allowed the State's petition for discretionary review.

In its only assignment of error, the State contends that the Court of Appeals erred in reversing the trial court's denial of defendant's motion to dismiss.

When a defendant moves for dismissal, the trial court must determine whether the State has presented substantial evidence of each essential element of the offense charged and substantial evidence that the defendant is the perpetrator. State v. Olson, 330 N.C. 557, 564, 411 S.E.2d 592, 595 (1992). If substantial evidence of each element is presented, the motion for dismissal is properly denied. "Substantial evidence is relevant evidence that a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion." Id.

In ruling on the motion to dismiss, the trial court must view all of the evidence, whether competent or incompetent, in the light most favorable to the State, giving the State the benefit of every reasonable inference and resolving any contradictions in its favor. State v. McCullers, 341 N.C. 19, 28-29, 460 S.E.2d 163, 168 (1995). The trial court need not concern itself with the weight of the evidence. In reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence, the question for the trial court is whether there is "any evidence tending to prove guilt or which reasonably leads to this conclusion as a fairly logical and legitimate deduction." State v. Franklin, 327 N.C. 162, 171, 393 S.E.2d 781, 787 (1990). Once the court decides a reasonable inference of defendant's guilt may be drawn from the evidence, "it is for the jurors to decide whether the facts satisfy them beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant is actually guilty." State v. Murphy, 342 N.C. 813, 819, 467 S.E.2d 428, 432 (1996).

Regarding the sufficiency of fingerprint evidence to withstand a motion to dismiss, this Court has stated:

[T]he rule...