State v. Fox, 442
| Citation | 254 N.C. 97,118 S.E.2d 58 |
| Decision Date | 03 February 1961 |
| Docket Number | No. 442,442 |
| Parties | STATE of North Carolina v. James A. FOX and Albert R. Sampson. |
| Court | United States State Supreme Court of North Carolina |
Atty. Gen. T. W. Bruton and Asst. Atty. Gen. Ralph Moody, for the State.
Samuel S. Mitchell, George R. Greene, F. J. Carnage, George E. Brown, Raleigh, and Jack Greenberg, New York City, for defendant appellants.
McCrory-McLellan Stores (called McLellan) operated a mercantile establishment on Fayetteville Street in Raleigh where it offered for sale to the public a general line of merchandise. In this store it set apart an area for lunch counter service. This area was enclosed by fence. McLellan pursued the policy of restricting its lunch counter service to its employees and its white patrons. This fact was known to defendants, who are Negroes. To test the right of an operator of a private mercantile establishment to select the customers he will serve in any particular portion of the store, defendants seated themselves at the lunch counter and demanded service. They did not want or expect service as they had eaten lunch a few minutes before entering the store. Despite repeated requests to leave the enclosed area, they remained and persisted in their demand for services until arrested by city police and charged with violating G.S. § 14-134, the trespass statute.
Defendants contend a merchant who sells his wares to one must serve all, and a refusal to do so is a violation of the rights guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. The contention lacks merit. The operator of a private mercantile establishment has a right to select his customers, serve those he selects, and refuse to serve others. The reasons which prompt him to choose do not circumscribe his right. This was decided after careful consideration in State v Avent et al., N.C., 118 S.E.2d 47. Nothing need be added to what was there said.
The reasons given for affirming the judgment in State v. Avent, supra, likewise demonstrate the inapplicability of art. I, sec. 17 of the Constitution of North Carolina. Its guarantee against imprisonment except by the law of the land was not intended to protect trespassers from prosecution or to prohibit a private property owner from selecting his guests or customers.
Since defendants had no constitutional right to remain on private property over the protest of the lawful occupant, it follows that the refusal to leave when requested was a violation of ...
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...the statute under the circumstances even though the original entry and crossing over the premises had not been unlawful. State v. Fox, 1961, 254 N.C. 97, 118 S.E.2d 58. Cf. Commonwealth v. Richardson, 1943, 313 Mass. 632, 48 N.E.2d 678, 146 A.L.R. 648. Words such as 'enter upon' or 'cross o......
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State v. Fox, 434
...a misdemeanor, G.S. § 14-134. They appealed to this Court. We found 'No Error.' See opinion filed 3 February 1961, reported 254 N.C. 97, 118 S.E.2d 58. Defendants thereafter applied to the Supreme Court of the United States for certiorari. That Court, on June 22, 1964, granted the writ, vac......