State v. Galvin
| Decision Date | 27 June 1986 |
| Docket Number | No. 84-427,84-427 |
| Citation | 514 A.2d 705,147 Vt. 215 |
| Parties | STATE of Vermont v. Donna GALVIN. |
| Court | Vermont Supreme Court |
William D. Wright, Bennington County Deputy States Atty., Bennington, for plaintiff-appellee.
Katherine A. Hayes, Bennington County Public Defender, Bennington, for defendant-appellant.
Before ALLEN, C.J., and HILL, PECK, GIBSON and HAYES, JJ.
Defendant Donna Galvin appeals from her conviction, after a jury trial, of two charges of simple assault on a police officer, in violation of 13 V.S.A. §§ 1023(a)(1) and 1028. Defendant asserts that she was entitled to an instruction permitting the jury to conclude that her voluntary intoxication negated both her intent to commit simple assault under § 1023 and the specific intent to assault a police officer, resulting in an enhanced sentence under § 1028. We agree with defendant's latter argument, and reverse.
Defendant became intoxicated while at a private residence. After she began "engaging in self-destructive behavior," a friend called the local rescue squad, which took the defendant to the emergency room of a local hospital. Trooper James Baker accompanied the rescue squad to the hospital in his cruiser and remained at the hospital while defendant was being examined.
After about ten minutes, defendant left the examining room and began running toward the emergency room exit, wearing a hospital gown. When Trooper Baker attempted to block her exit, she allegedly struck him in the temple with her fist, and she was put in handcuffs. Trooper Baker subsequently assisted two nurses who were attempting to restrain defendant from banging her head on the floor. While the officer was attempting to place a piece of gauze over her mouth, she allegedly bit his finger. The testimony established that defendant was extremely intoxicated during the time these events occurred. She testified at trial that she did not recall the events of that evening and did not remember any encounter with Trooper Baker at the hospital.
At the conclusion of the State's case and again at the close of her defense, defendant moved for acquittal on grounds that her intoxication negated the general intent required for simple assault under 13 V.S.A. § 1023(a)(1), as well as the specific intent required to invoke an enhanced sentence under 13 V.S.A. § 1028. The court denied these motions and refused to instruct the jury that it could consider defendant's drunkenness in its deliberations on the charges. The jury returned verdicts of guilty on both counts, and the court denied a motion for a new trial.
Defendant's first contention is that the trial court should have instructed the jury that it could consider her intoxication as negating the element of recklessness charged by the State under 13 V.S.A. § 1023(a)(1). The law in Vermont is well settled to the contrary. State v. Murphy, 128 Vt. 288, 293, 262 A.2d 456, 460 (1970); see also Model Penal Code § 2.08(2).
Defendant next argues that even if simple assault only requires a general intent, an assault against a law enforcement officer under the enhanced penalty provision of 13 V.S.A. § 1028 requires proof of a specific, rather than general, intent. She asserts that the trial court should have instructed the jury that if it had a reasonable doubt as to whether she knew that Trooper Baker was a law enforcement officer, it could not find her guilty of assault on a law enforcement officer.
In State v. D'Amico, 136 Vt. 153, 156, 385 A.2d 1082, 1084 (1978), this Court held that voluntary intoxication was available to negate a finding of the intent necessary for a conviction for aggravated assault under 13 V.S.A. § 1024(a)(2). The element requiring specific intent in § 1024(a)(2) is " 'purposely or knowingly [causing] bodily injury to another with a deadly weapon'...." Id. at 156, 385 A.2d at 1084. Relying on the Model Penal Code as "indicative of what the General Assembly intended in adopting legislation modeled on the Code," id., we held that "[s]ince there was evidence in the case of the respondent's intoxication, it was for the jury to determine the effect on the respondent's mental processes and whether his mental capacity was so diminished as to prevent him from forming the requisite felonious intent." Id. at 156, 385 A.2d at 1084-85.
The issue before us in the present case is whether intoxication should be available as a defense to negate the element of knowledge under § 1028, as we held it was available under § 1024 in D'Amico. We conclude that it should be. The issue may seem distinguishable from that in D'Amico because, while prosecutors...
To continue reading
Request your trial
-
State v. Brillon
...a higher penalty if the crime was against a law enforcement officer, served "simply as an enhanced penalty provision." 147 Vt. 215, 217, 514 A.2d 705, 707 (1986). ¶ 25. The State agrees that if defendant had a prior conviction for domestic assault and consequently had been charged with aggr......
-
State v. Roy
...that the charge was fatally defective because it omitted an element of the offense found in this Court's decision in State v. Galvin, 147 Vt. 215, 514 A.2d 705 (1986). In Galvin, this Court held that the charge of simple assault on a police officer included as an element that the defendant ......
-
Roy v. Coxon
...they knew, or had good reason to believe, the person he was assaulting was a law enforcement officer. See, e.g., State v. Galvin, 147 Vt. 215, 217-18, 514 A.2d 705, 707 (1986). Though the court adverted to a similar knowledge element in connection with its instructions on self-defense, it d......
-
State v. Dennis
...(defendant, charged with violation of 13 V.S.A. § 1024(a), entitled to instruction on intoxication); see also State v. Galvin, 147 Vt. 215, 217, 514 A.2d 705, 707 (1986) (knowledge element required by 13 V.S.A. § 1028 may be negated by evidence of intoxication); D'Amico, 136 Vt. at 156, 385......