State v. Hess

• Decision Date: 09 June 1964
• Docket Number: No. 51136,51136
• Citation: 129 N.W.2d 81,256 Iowa 794
• Parties: STATE of Iowa, Appellee, v. Lavern Wilbur HESS, Appellant.
• Court: Iowa Supreme Court

Page 81

129 N.W.2d 81

256 Iowa 794

STATE of Iowa, Appellee, v. Lavern Wilbur HESS, Appellant.

No. 51136.

Supreme Court of Iowa.

June 9, 1964.

Morris & Morris, Des Moines, for appellant.

Evan Hultman, Atty. Gen., John H. Allen, Asst. Atty. Gen., Harry Perkins, Polk County Atty., and James D. McKeon, Asst. County Atty., for appellee.

MOORE, Justice.

February 27, 1963, defendant, Lavern Wilbur Hess, and Donald Raymond Prine were indicted by the Polk County Grand Jury for the crime of robbery with aggravation. A plea of not guilty was entered by Hess February 28. On trial to a jury commencing March 25, Hess was found guilty. Prine died in a fire at the county jail prior to Hess' trial. Defendant's motion for a new trial claimed he had been convicted only because of 'guilty by association'. Two of his witnesses were felons. This motion was overruled April 5. April 8, 1963 he was sentenced to imprisonment in the Iowa State Penitentiary at Fort Madison for twenty-five years and taxed with the costs. From this judgment and sentence he appeals.

The one proposition relied on for reversal is that the prosecutor was guilty of misconduct in cross-examination of defendant's wife and himself. Defendant claims he therefore did not receive a fair trial.

Shortly after 9 p. m. Sunday, February 3, 1963 two men entered the pharmacy owned by Brick Strait on east Thirty-third Street in Des Moines and at gun point forced Strait and his pharmacist, John A. Evans, to lie on the floor while one man took the money and a small check from the cash register. Later they went to the back of the store where a bottle of pills was removed from the narcotics container. After forcing Strait and Evans to the store basement and certain threats on their lives, the two robbers left. Strait then ran outside, observed a vehicle being driven away and with help from other witnesses gave the police some description of the escape vehicle. Soon thereafter Hess and Prine were arrested in a yellow truck owned by Hess which he had used in his roofing work. Hess was searched and in his coat pocket was found a large amount of silver and paper money. The small check which had been given Strait by a customer a few minutes before the robbery was found with the money. The bottle of pills and a gun were found in the truck.

Evans saw the two men just before they put cloth masks over their faces and entered the store.

After their arrest Prine and Hess were identified by Evans both as to their facial appearance and clothing. Strait identified them as wearing the same kind and color of clothing as the robbers. They identified Prine as the man with the gun and who took the bottle of pills. They identified Hess as the one who took the cash and check.

When first arrested both men denied any knowledge of or part in the robbery. After identification Hess on several occasions admitted to city detectives his part in the robbery.

On trial Hess again admitted his part in the robbery but for the first time claimed his acts were involuntary. He testified everything he did was because Prine compelled him to do so under threats. He said Prine threatened to kill him.

Hess, Prine and two of defendant's witnesses were drinking in a small downtown hotel the afternoon and early evening the day of the robbery. One witness testified Prine threatened to shoot him and made a like threat to Hess. The other testified Prine put his gun on Hess and said: 'You come on, you dirty S O B and go with me 'cause you have got that truck and I need it or I will blow your guts out right here.'

The experienced trial court submitted all issues, including defendant's contention, to the jury.

In addition to the record filed herein, we have carefully studied the transcript and find defendant's trial strategy apparently was to admit all, make few objections and attempt to convice the jury his claim he acted only because of threats and fear was in good faith. He failed in the trial court to properly object or raise the issues which he and his new attorney now argue. No motion for a mistrial because of any misconduct of the prosecutor was made. No motion for a directed verdict was made at the close of the evidence. As we have stated, his motion for a new trial was limited to one ground. Defendant is asking for the first time the question of misconduct by the assistant county attorney be considered.

This appeal could be summarily disposed of on the proposition questions raised here were not properly raised below. We have repeatedly said under such circumstances no appealable question is presented to this court. State v. Mart, 237 Iowa 181, 186, 20 N.W.2d 63, 66; State v. Meeks, 245 Iowa 1231, 1240, 65 N.W.2d 76, 81; State v. Kramer, 252 Iowa 916, 918, 109 N.W.2d 18, 19, and citations in each. See also State v. Meyers, Iowa, 129 N.W.2d 88.

In State v. Kramer, supra, at page 919 of 252 Iowa, page 20 of 109 N.W.2d, we said: 'Generally we think that when a defendant is represented by competent counsel, and for reasons of strategy or otherwise questions or objections are not presented to the trial court, there is grave danger they may be considered on appeal to have been waived.'

However, because of Code section 793.18, I.C.A. we have examined the entire record to determine whether defendant received a fair trial and as a matter of grace only will consider the proposition relied upon notwithstanding it was not raised in the trial court. State v. Mart, supra.

Defendant's wife, Erma, testified they had been married five years and were buying a home in which her children of prior marriages also lived. She described defendant's truck and lettering thereon. She knew nothing about the robbery or events prior thereto. On cross-examination she was asked her maiden name and the last names of her three children each of which was different. She was then asked in a series of questions if she had ever been known as Mary Ann Davis, Mary Ann Coin, Mrs. Robert Penning, Mrs. Raymond Hess or Mrs. Wright. Her answer to each question was in the negative.

After most of these questions were answered defendant objected on the ground of improper cross-examination which the court overruled. However, later the trial court on his own motion struck the five questions and answers from the record and admonished the jury to disregard them. Defendant sought no other remedy.

Assuming, arguendo, the assistant county attorney acted improperly in asking these questions we are unable to find any prejudice to defendant.

On cross-examination Hess stated he was taken from the county jail to the third floor of the police station. He testified:

'Q. All right, what did you do there? A. I got a lie detector test.

'Q. Concerning your participation in this crime? A. Concerning my participation in a murder on Keosauqua and the use of narcotics.

'Q. And your participation in this crime? A. There was no questions asked in any participation in this crime.'

On redirect he testified: 'Q. You took a lie detector test on a murder investigation? A. Yes.

'Q. And so far as you know, that's proceeded no further? A. That's right.

'Q. The investigation over there on this particular case where you are charged with robbery with aggravation relative to the Strait Drug Store, was further investigation over there on this case or on some other cases that they were investigating? A. I think their main reason was for, to see if I had anything to do with the murder on Keosauqua Way. * * *

'Q. Did they tell you they were investigating some other case? A. Yes.

'Q. You haven't been charged with any, charged with any other crime aside from this one? A. No.

'Q. Have you been...