State v. Higgins
| Decision Date | 05 August 1949 |
| Docket Number | 16248. |
| Parties | STATE v. HIGGINS. |
| Court | South Carolina Supreme Court |
Samuel N. Burts, Spartanburg, Arthur D. Rich Spartanburg, Harold R. Swink, Gaffney, for appellant.
Samuel R. Watt, Sol., Spartanburg, for respondent.
The appellant, Higgins, was tried and convicted upon an indictment charging an unlawful sale of whiskey, which took place in Cherokee County on April 24, 1948. He was duly sentenced, and by this appeal raised two questions.
It is first contended that the evidence, being entirely circumstantial, was insufficient to prove the guilt of the appellant. Error is assigned because the trial judge refused to grant the motion for a directed verdict of not guilty which was made at the close of the evidence introduced by the State. The appellant offered no testimony.
The record shows that the sheriff of Cherokee County and his deputies, had reason to believe that whiskey was being sold unlawfully in and around the city of Gaffney. At their request, State Constable Beckman, who was unknown in Cherokee, was temporarily assigned there to assist in the investigation of the suspected illegal activities of appellant, Higgins, and others, with reference to the sale of liquor. Acting upon information given him by the other officers, and in accordance with a perconcerted plan, Beckman drove to the home of appellant about 9:30 o'clock on the night of April 24th, in a truck borrowed from a traveling carnival show which was exhibiting in Gaffney. This method of approach was adopted in order to further disguise his official character and allay suspicion.
He stopped the truck in front of the house, walked through the yard and upon the porch, where he knocked at the door. Higgins came to the door, and Beckman asked to see 'Mr Higgins.' The two were strangers to each other. Higgins and Beckman then walked from the porch into the yard, where Beckman told him he wished to buy some whiskey. Higgins made no direct reply, but commenced a general conversation, in the course of which, upon inquiry by Higgins, Beckman gave him his name and told him that he was a member of the carnival troupe. In about two minutes another man, Ray Parris, came out of the Higgins house into the yard and joined them. Beckman then again told appellant that he wished to buy some whiskey, and Higgins asked him how much he wanted. Beckman told him three pints, whereupon appellant directed Parris to get it for him. Parris immediately returned to the house a few steps away, and in a very short time came back with three pints of whiskey, and informed Beckman that the price was $14.00. Beckman thereupon paid him the money and received the liquor.
By pre-arrangement, another state constable and two deputy sheriffs of Cherokee County, had hidden themselves in the immediate vicinity of appellant's home (one of them only fifty feet away), and witnessed the entire transaction. As soon as the sale was completed, and as Beckman started to return to the truck, they seized and took the whiskey away from him, and placed appellant and Parris under arrest. Two of the officers then went into the house and entered the front room from which Parris had emerged with the liquor. In their search they found and took possession of one hundred and seventy-six bottles of whiskey of various well known brands. The room in which the liquor was found was described by the officers as being arranged like a regular liquor store, with built-in cabinets and shelves where the whiskey was stacked.
Appellant made no objection when the officers entered his house to search and seize, nor did he make any statement except that he wished to obtain bond. The arrest was made immediately upon the completion of the sale of the liquor, and no witness appears actually to have seen Parris give Higgins the $14.00.
Appellant contends that there is no direct evidence tending to show that he participated in the unlawful sale of the three pints of whiskey to Beckman; that it was Parris who went into the house and got the whiskey, made the sale, and received in payment the sum of $14.00. It is argued that all of the evidence introduced by the state was circumstantial, which at most created only a mere suspicion that Parris entered appellant's home as the latter's agent and obtained the liquor for Beckman. It is said that there is a total lack of evidence establishing agency or in any way connecting appellant with the illegal sale.
In this case, not only were the circumstances proven without dispute, detailing every step taken in the unlawful sale, but they point conclusively, as found by the jury, to the guilt of the accused, and were inconsistent with any reasonable hypothesis other than his guilt. It is inconceivable under the evidence in this case, and the legitimate inferences deducible therefrom, that the jury could have reached any other verdict. The only rational inference to be drawn is that the liquor found in the Higgins home belonged to Higgins, and that Parris was his agent. The proof in this case meets all the requirements of the law as to circumstantial evidence. State v. Epes, 209 S.C. 246, 39 S.E.2d 769; State v. Dornberg, 192 S.C. 513, 7 S.E.2d 467; State v. Kimbrell, 191 S.C. 238, 4 S.E.2d 121.
It follows from what we have said, that the trial judge committed no error in submitting the case to the jury.
Error is assigned because of one illustration given by the trial judge in his instructions to the jury, dealing with the law of principal and agent. The challenged instruction is as follows:
* * *'
It is argued that the foregoing instructions constituted a charge on the facts, in violation of Article V, Section 26 of the Constitution. Appellant contends that the illustration given in the foregoing portion of the judge's charge too closely parallels the facts offered in evidence, in consequence of which the jury would have been inclined to think the trial judge...
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