State v. Homolka, 23648
| Decision Date | 20 March 1998 |
| Docket Number | No. 23648,23648 |
| Citation | 953 P.2d 612,131 Idaho 172 |
| Parties | STATE of Idaho, Plaintiff-Respondent, v. David Lee HOMOLKA, Defendant-Appellant. Boise, February 1998 Term |
| Court | Idaho Supreme Court |
Harry DeHaan, Twin Falls, for appellant.
Alan G. Lance, Attorney General; Michael A. Henderson and Kevin J. Wladyka, Deputy Attorneys General, Boise, for respondent. Kevin J. Wladyka argued.
This is an appeal from the district court's order denying a motion to suppress evidence. The appellant alleges that the evidence seized was the product of an illegal search of his vehicle.
David Homolka (Homolka) appeals from a judgment of conviction entered following his conditional plea of guilty to possession of a controlled substance. Homolka reserved the right to appeal from the district court's denial of his motion to suppress cocaine which was found during a search of his vehicle following his arrest.
A police officer stopped Homolka's vehicle for a defective taillight. When the officer approached Homolka's vehicle, he saw an object that appeared to be a weapon. He removed Homolka from the vehicle and handcuffed him while he searched the passenger compartment for weapons. He determined that the object was a stun gun and removed the handcuffs from Homolka. The officer administered field sobriety tests and observed that Homolka was nervous, agitated, talkative, "thick-tongued" and that the pupils of his eyes were pin-pointed. The officer concluded that Homolka was driving while under the influence of drugs.
The officer arrested Homolka for driving under the influence and performed another search of the passenger compartment of the vehicle. He found an Altoid peppermint tin that contained a razor blade, which he believed--based on his prior training and experience--to be drug paraphernalia. He then called another police officer who brought a dog trained to detect drugs. The dog searched the car and indicated toward the gear shift boot. The boot was loose and had part of a clear plastic bag sticking out beneath it. A rubber band ran from the gear shift nob into the boot. The officer removed the boot and found that the rubber band was attached to a bag containing cocaine. The defendant was subsequently charged with possession of a controlled substance.
Homolka filed a motion to suppress in the district court, arguing that the search violated the standards set forth in New York v. Belton, 453 U.S. 454, 101 S.Ct. 2860, 69 L.Ed.2d 768 (1981), for a search incident to an arrest. The district court held that the cocaine was the product of a legal search incident to arrest pursuant to Belton. Homolka contends that the officer exceeded the scope of a search incident to arrest because (1) the search of the gear shift boot was not sufficiently contemporaneous with the arrest, and (2) the gear shift boot was not part of the passenger compartment.
On a denial of a motion to suppress, this Court will overturn a trial court's factual findings only if they are clearly erroneous. State v. Peightal, 122 Idaho 5, 7, 830 P.2d 516, 518 (1992). However, this Court exercises free review over questions of law, including whether the trial court correctly applied the law to the facts. Id.; State v. Weber, 116 Idaho 449, 451-52, 776 P.2d 458, 460-61 (1989).
THE SEARCH OF THE GEAR SHIFT BOOT WAS SUFFICIENTLY CONTEMPORANEOUS WITH THE ARREST.
Homolka made his challenge in the district court and in this Court under Belton. Homolka does not challenge the validity of the arrest, nor does he dispute the initial search of his car, resulting in the discovery of the Altoid peppermint tin and the razor blade. He argues, however, that the search of the gearshift boot was not sufficiently contemporaneous with his arrest in order to comply with Belton. Under Belton, an officer who makes a lawful arrest of the occupant of a vehicle may, "as a contemporaneous incident of that arrest," search the passenger compartment of the vehicle. 453 U.S. at 460, 101 S.Ct. at 2864. "Whether a search is 'contemporaneous' with an arrest is judged by a standard of reasonableness under the circumstances of the arrest." State v. Haught, 122 Idaho 104, 106, 831 P.2d 946, 948 (Ct.App.1992) (citing United States v. Vasey, 834 F.2d 782, 787-88 (9th Cir.1987)). "Where the arrestee remains at the scene, a search generally-but not automatically-will be deemed sufficiently contemporaneous under Belton." Id. (footnote omitted).
In this case the search followed the arrest and was conducted at the scene with the arrestee still present. Following the discovery of the Altoid peppermint tin and the razor blade, the officer called another police officer and instructed him to bring a dog that was specially trained to detect drugs. Homolka contends that when the officer stopped the search and requested the assistance of a dog, the search had effectively ended and any further search of the vehicle required a
warrant. There is insufficient evidence in the record, however, to establish that the time lapse between the officer's initial search and the arrival of the dog was unreasonable. The district court's order denying the motion to suppress the evidence on this ground is affirmed.
THE GEAR SHIFT BOOT IS PART OF THE PASSENGER COMPARTMENT.
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U.S. v. Barnes, 03-2501.
...3 F.Supp.2d 95, 99 (D.Mass.1998), and the area underneath a "gearshift boot" or plastic gear shift housing. State v. Homolka, 131 Idaho 172, 953 P.2d 612, 614 (1998); People v. Eaton, 241 Mich.App. 459, 617 N.W.2d 363, 367 (2000). On the other hand, Belton has been deemed insufficient autho......
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State v. Pabillore
...be limited to the passenger compartment.1See New York v. Belton, 453 U.S. 454, 101 S.Ct. 2860, 69 L.Ed.2d 768 (1981); State v. Homolka, 131 Idaho 172, 953 P.2d 612 (1998). The district court nonetheless denied Pabillore's suppression motion in its entirety because the court concluded that P......