State v. Krantz, 29656

• Decision Date: 14 December 1945
• Docket Number: 29656,29657.
• Parties: STATE v. KRANTZ.
• Court: Washington Supreme Court

164 P.2d 453

24 Wn.2d 350

STATE v. KRANTZ.

Nos. 29656, 29657.

Supreme Court of Washington

December 14, 1945

Department 2

Rehearing Denied Jan. 15, 1946.

Alfonsis R. Krantz was convicted of second-degree assault and violation of the uniform short firearms act, Rem.Rev.Stat. § 2516-4, and he appeals.

Affirmed.

Appeal from Superior Court, King County; Howard M Findley, judge.

Henry Clay Agnew, of Seattle, for appellant.

Lloyd Shorett and Max R. Nicolai, both of Seattle, for respondent.

BLAKE Justice.

Defendant was charged with second-degree assault, Rem.Rev.Stat. § 2414 subd. (4), and violation of the uniform short firearms act Laws of 1935, chapter 172, p. 599, § 4, Rem.Rev.Stat. (Sup.) § 2516-4, in separate informations. Upon a consolidated trial of the cases, he was found guilty by a jury of both of the offenses charged. He appeals from sentences and judgments entered on the verdicts. The appeals have been consolidated.

The assignments of error made by appellant raise two questions: (1) Whether the two revolvers taken from his person at the time of his arrest were admissible in evidence; and (2) whether the impact of the uniform short firearms act impinges upon his constitutional rights under the fourteenth amendment to the Federal constitution and under §§ 12 and 24 of Art. I of the constitution of the state of Washington.

First. There is no substantial dispute concerning the facts and circumstances under which the arrest of appellant and the search of his person occurred.

The complaining witness was an occupant and entitled to possession of premises owned by appellant. Between five -thirty and six o'clock on the morning of January 4, 1945, appellant knocked at the door of the premises and was admitted by the complaining witness. A fracas ensued, in the course of which the complaining witness received a cut on the hand and one over the eye. She ran out on the street, accosted a passerby and requested him to call the police. Two officers soon arrived, who found her scantily clad and bleeding from the wounds on the hand and over the eye. She related to them the circumstances under which she had received the wounds. She testified that she told them that appellant had struck her with a revolver. One of the officers corroborated her testimony in this respect; the other did not.

In any event, with the permission of the complaining witness, the officers entered the place, where they found the appellant in a drunken condition. They searched him and found two revolvers on his person. The arrest followed immediately.

Appellant contends that the search of his person was illegal, and that the revolvers, therefore, were not admissible in evidence.

The argument is that the wounds sustained by the complaining witness were superficial; that, consequently, the officers were not justified in believing a felony had been committed; that they had no right to make an arrest unless they had reasonable grounds for believing, and actually did believe, that a felony had been committed--consequently, they had no right to search his person.

Of course, an arrest made without a warrant, on suspicion that a felony has been committed, is illegal unless the arresting officer actually believes, and has reasonable grounds for believing, that the felony has been committed and that the person arrested committed it. State v. Hughlett, 124 Wash. 366, 214 P. 841. It follows that search of the person arrested is illegal unless the officer is justified in making the arrest.

Notwithstanding that the wounds of the complaining witness were superficial, the officers had reasonable grounds for believing that appellant had committed the crime of second-degree assault upon her, for she told them that he had assaulted her with a revolver. Rem.Rev.Stat. § 2414, subd. (4).

Appellant contends, however, that the officers did not actually believe that a felony had been committed. This is a fair deduction from the testimony of one of them. He testified that he did not hear the complaining witness say that appellant had struck her with a revolver. He further testified that he and his brother officer had entered the premises merely to investigate the situation. The first thing they did, however, was to search the appellant. Their action in this respect speaks louder than the one officer's testimony to the effect that he did not actually believe a felony had been committed by appellant. We are satisfied that the search of appellant's person was an incident to his arrest for second-degree assault and that the revolvers were properly admitted in evidence.

Second. This court, in State v. Tully, 198 Wash. 605, 89 P.2d 517, held that the uniform short firearms act (Rem.Rev.Stat. (Sup.), §§ 2516-1 to 2516-20, incl.) does not violate Art. I, § 24, of the state constitution, which guarantees to the people the right to keep and bear arms. It has long been recognized that this constitutional guarantee is subject to reasonable regulation by the state under its police power. United States v. Miller, 307 U.S. 174, 59 S.Ct. 816, 83 L.Ed. 1206; English v. State, 35 Tex. 473, 14 Am.Rep. 374; Pierce v. State, 42 Okl.Crim. 272, 275 P. 393; People v. Persce, 204 N.Y. 397, 97 N.E. 877; Hill v. State of Georgia, 53 Ga. 472; Page v. State, 3 Heisk., Tenn., 198, note.

Appellant argues, however, that, conceding this to be so, the uniform short firearms act, in its impact upon him, is not a...