State v. Kroll

• Decision Date: 14 October 1952
• Docket Number: No. 48027,48027
• Citation: 55 N.W.2d 251,244 Iowa 173
• Parties: STATE v. KROLL et al.
• Court: Iowa Supreme Court

Page 251

55 N.W.2d 251

244 Iowa 173

STATE v. KROLL et al.

No. 48027.

Supreme Court of Iowa.

Oct. 14, 1952.

Rehearing Denied Dec. 19, 1952.

L. V. Gilchrist, Denison, for appellants.

Robert L. Larson, Atty. Gen., and Earl R. Shostrom, Sp. Asst. Atty. Gen., and Allan F. Nash, County Atty., Denison, for appellee.

WENNERSTRUM, Justice.

This appeal has developed by reason of a proceeding to condemn certain intoxicating liquors and empty containers as provided for in Chapter 751, 1950 Code, I.C.A. In the initial hearing before a magistrate the articles were ordered forfeited. The defendant, the claimant of the articles in controversy, appealed to the district court. Section 751.40, 1950 Code, I.C.A. In that court it was held that the warrant, under which the search was made, had been issued without probable cause and in violation of the provisions of art. 1, Sec. 8, Constitution of Iowa, I.C.A. It held consequently that a forfeiture could not be legally entered, and in a ruling withdrawing the case from the jury held in part as follows:

'It is therefore ordered that as to the things seized under the warrant, this case be dismissed and it is, and it is removed from the consideration of the jury. It is ordered that the articles seized * * * be released from seizure and from the custody of the officers in this proceeding, and that they be returned to the defendant Herbert Kroll, subject, however, to any further or other custody or restraint under which said articles may be in any other proceeding or in any other case. * * *' (Italics supplied.)

The defendant has appealed to this court from the order entered by the trial court and particularly to that portion thereof following the words, 'subject, however,'.

It appears from the record that there was pending in the district court a criminal action entitled State of Iowa v. Herbert Kroll and in which case the articles seized in the search warrant proceedings were involved.

The question raised and presented on this appeal is: Should a trial court, under circumstances as herein set forth, order the immediate restoration of the property to the one from whom it was improperly taken, as in the case of the present appellant; or can the court order the seized articles held for use in a criminal action then pending?

Constitutional and statutory enactments that are pertinent to our discussion of the question heretofore set forth are hereafter set out.

Article 1, Section 8, Constitution of Iowa, I.C.A. 'Personal security--searches and seizures. Sec. 8. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects, against unreasonable seizures and searches shall not be violated; and no warrant shall issue but on probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons and things to be seized.'

Section 751.23, 1950 Code, I.C.A. 'Property restored. If it appears that the property taken is not the same as that described in the warrant, or that there is no probable cause for believing the existence of the grounds on which the warrant was issued, the magistrate shall cause it to be restored to the person from whom it was taken.'

Section 751.43, 1950 Code, I.C.A. 'Stay of proceedings. If an appeal be taken, the same shall operate as a stay of proceedings and the property seized under the warrant and involved in the appeal shall not be returned to any claimant thereof nor sold or destroyed or otherwise disposed of until final determination is had.'

Section 771.13, 1950 Code, I.C.A. 'Evidence returned and filed. When an indictment is found, all minutes and exhibits relating thereto shall be returned therewith and filed by the clerk of the court.'

In order that the facts relative to the criminal case and the use of the exhibits here involved before the grand jury may be understood, we shall set out portions of the evidence and a subsequent ruling of the trial court. The objections made by the appellant's counsel are not noted. The sheriff in the original hearing testified in part as follows:

'* * * The property that I obtained in this search was turned over to the Clerk this morning at your (the county attorney) request.'

In connection with a motion by the appellant asking the court to reconsider the original ruling made by it and as heretofore set forth the sheriff further testified in part:

'The Exhibits were in my possession at the time I appeared before the Grand Jury and they remained in my possession after I testified before the Grand Jury. Later at your (the county attorney) direction I turned the exhibits over to the Clerk, M. Peters.

'Q. And when you gave them to the Clerk of the Court, what did you inform him concerning these exhibits? * * * A. I told him I was turning this over to him, that they were the exhibits in the case of State of Iowa vs. Herbert Kroll. * * * I asked the Clerk to give me a receipt.

'The Court: Did he give you a receipt? A. Not yet. He was busy at the time I asked him, and he made a notation on the box and said he would give me a receipt at a later date, but to this date I haven't received it. * * * Yes, I would say that I told him those were exhibits in State of Iowa vs. Herbert Kroll. No, I did not tell him anything about the number of the case or the nature of it. No, I did not describe it in any other way than naming it. * * * No, I did not describe the case when I told him these were exhibits in State of Iowa vs. Herbert Kroll. No, I did not describe the case other than naming it, I just told him that the County Attorney had requested that I turn them over to him. * * * I made no statement concerning the fact that these were exhibits that had been before the Grand Jury.'

The clerk of the district court in the original hearing testified: 'Certain exhibits were delivered to me in a case of State vs. Herbert Kroll. This box and its contents is the property as delivered to me as exhibits in this matter. There has been no change or alteration in the contents of the bottles, or in the box. * * *'

In connection with the motion to reconsider the court's original ruling the clerk further testified in part as follows:

'* * * I have brought with me some bottles containing apparently whiskey and champagne and some empty ones.

'They bear exhibit marks and were produced by me as exhibits in this case, 18810. I was called as a witness and produced these. * * *

'I thought the exhibits were filed in 18802. I think 18802 is the appeal, or the confiscation. * * *

'According to the judge's instructions I refuse to turn over the exhibits. I feel that is the will of the Court. These exhibits were offered in evidence in 18810 and are so marked and are now in my custody. * * * N. P. Cavett, Sheriff of Crawford County, gave them to me. He gave me no instructions, just hold them, in other words, well, just left them there with me, just said they were in the case against Herbert Kroll. * * * Besides the Sheriff, the County Attorney told me just to hold them. He did not tell me how, or in what case to file them. No one else did.'

The trial court in its ruling on the motion to reconsider stated in part as follows:

'* * * The Court is of the opinion that the articles must have been deposited and left with the Clerk by the Sheriff under the provisions of Section 771.13, Code of 1950, I.C.A., which provides that when an indictment is found, all minutes and exhibits relating thereto shall be returned therewith and filed by the Clerk of the Court. * * * It consists in receiving them officially, and now that the evidence on the matter has been completed, the Court is of the opinion that the Clerk did receive these articles officially, and that they were filed in the case in question which the Sheriff described as State of Iowa vs. Herbert Kroll and which the Clerk described as case number 18802. In any event, the Court is convinced that the original deposit of the articles with the Clerk by the Sheriff was not in this case, and that the deposit must have been under the above section. That being true, the Court is of the opinion that it is the duty of the Clerk to retain them until the other case, being the one referred to by the Clerk as 18802, is disposed of in some manner * * *.

'It is ordered that the Court cannot and does not now modify its orders previously made in this case, but permits said orders to remain as originally made and to be effective only when the other custody or detention spoken of herein has ended.'

There may be some variance in the testimony and ruling relative to the number of the two cases. However, there can be no misunderstanding that there was a confiscation case--the one here on appeal and a criminal case. The latter was the one in which the sheriff testified in his appearance before the grand jury and where the exhibits in question were presented by the sheriff.

I. In the light of the record made we have concluded that the court was justified in ordering the exhibits held for such use as might be later determined proper in connection with the criminal case. The delivering of exhibits used before the grand jury to the clerk of the district court was in conformity with the statutory directive. Section 771.13, 1950 Code, I.C.A. The fact that the exhibits were not delivered to the clerk until the day of the hearing relative to the confiscation proceeding in no way affects the validity of the order entered by the trial court. The temporary holding of exhibits by the sheriff is not improper. The provision of the statute relative to filing exhibits with the clerk is directly only. State v. Bazoukas, 226 Iowa 1385, 1388, 286 N.W. 458.

It should be kept in mind that there are two different cases and that they are affected by two different statutes. A ruling in the confiscation case should not affect the criminal case proceeding. We cannot conclude that the two statute are in conflict. They pertain to two different situations. We held in Iowa Farm Serum...