State v. Ledwell

• Decision Date: 05 July 2005
• Docket Number: No. COA04-958.,COA04-958.
• Court: North Carolina Supreme Court
• Parties: STATE of North Carolina v. Eric MacKinley LEDWELL.

Page 412

614 S.E.2d 412

STATE of North Carolina v. Eric MacKinley LEDWELL.

No. COA04-958.

Court of Appeals of North Carolina.

July 5, 2005.

Appeal by Defendant from judgment entered 12 December 2003 by Judge Ronald E. Spivey in Superior Court, Guilford County. Heard in the Court of Appeals 6 June 2005.

Attorney General Roy Cooper, by Assistant Attorney General Hilda Burnett-Baker, for the State.

M. Gordon Widenhouse, Jr., Chapel Hill, for the defendant-appellant.

WYNN, Judge.

An indictment is fatally flawed where it "fails to state some essential and necessary element of the offense of which the defendant is found guilty." State v. Wilson, 128 N.C.App. 688, 691, 497 S.E.2d 416, 419 (1998) (quotation omitted). Here, Defendant Eric MacKinley Ledwell contends that the trial court lacked jurisdiction on the charge of felonious possession of a controlled substance because the indictment failed to allege a substance listed in Schedule I, North Carolina General Statutes section 90-89. N.C. Gen.Stat. § 90-89(3) (2003). We agree and hold that the indictment fails to allege felonious possession of a Schedule I controlled substance. But as to Defendant's issues on appeal regarding the remaining charge of felonious conspiracy to traffic in cocaine, we find no error.

The record reflects that on 15 October 2002, members of the Greensboro Police Department monitored the motel area near Interstate 40 and High Point Road for narcotics trafficking. That day, Defendant was observed checking into a motel, exiting the motel while on a cellular telephone and looking up and down the street. Approximately ten minutes thereafter, a blue Ford Expedition entered the motel parking lot. The driver was driving very slowly and circling and was also on a cellular telephone. The driver of the Expedition then parked the vehicle, Defendant got into the passenger side, and the vehicle left the parking lot. The police stopped the Expedition, and Defendant was asked to step out of the vehicle and placed under arrest. A police detective searched the Expedition and found, in the front center console, a semi-automatic weapon, and in the back center console, $3000.00 in cash. When the police searched Defendant's person, they found $8690.00 in cash, postal scales, marijuana, and a tablet of "[m]ethylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA)[.]" When the driver of the Expedition, Timothy Walden, was searched, he was found to have $2472.00 and marijuana on his person.

Shortly after stopping the Expedition, the police stopped a black pick-up truck that had been following the Expedition. The driver of the pick-up truck, Eliazar Perez Garcia, appeared shocked, looked toward the Expedition, and stated "I don't know them." Garcia was asked to step out of the vehicle, and the police observed that Garcia's pocket contained a large, partially open grocery bag filled with cocaine. Garcia also had $4236.00 in cash on his person.

Defendant presented no evidence at trial. Moreover, Defendant entered into a stipulation at trial as to "a laboratory report reflecting the contents of the plastic bag described as off-white powder sent, and reflected in State's Exhibit No. 2, containing cocaine, Schedule II. The weight of that material, 592.2 grams." The trial court then explained to the jury "Members of the jury, the parties have stipulated or agreed that these facts should be accepted by you as true without further authentication or proof in the form of this laboratory report...." Further, at trial, Garcia testified that Defendant "called me and he told me to bring him that amount [of cocaine]. And that's what I did." Garcia testified that Defendant had "three of four times [ ]" bought 500 grams of cocaine from him. In response to being asked "Did you get drugs for any other people other than Eric Ledwell[,]" Garcia responded "No." When asked "[w]ere all the drugs for Eric Ledwell[,]" Garcia responded affirmatively. Moreover, evidence admitted at trial demonstrated that Defendant and Garcia had telephoned one another's cellular telephones before their arrests.

Defendant was convicted of felonious possession of MDA and felonious conspiracy to traffic in cocaine by possession of more than 400 grams. Defendant appeals.

On appeal, Defendant contends that the trial court lacked jurisdiction on the charge of felonious possession of a controlled substance because the indictment was facially insufficient in failing to allege a substance listed in Schedule I.¹ We agree.

"It is elementary that a valid bill of indictment is essential to the jurisdiction of the trial court to try an accused for a felony." State v. Sturdivant, 304 N.C. 293, 308, 283 S.E.2d 719, 729 (1981) (citations omitted). An "indictment must allege all of the essential elements of the crime sought to be charged." State v. Westbrooks, 345 N.C. 43, 57, 478 S.E.2d 483, 492 (1996) (citation omitted). Identity of a controlled substance allegedly possessed is such an essential element. State v. Board, 296 N.C. 652, 658, 252 S.E.2d 803, 807 (1979) (testimony that substance a special agent purchased was "MDA" insufficient evidence that defendant possessed and sold "3, 4-methylenedioxyamphetamine" as charged in bills of indictment). An indictment is invalid where it "fails to state some essential and necessary element of the offense of which the defendant is found guilty." Wilson, 128 N.C.App. at 691, 497 S.E.2d at 419 (quotation omitted).

Here, the indictment at issue states that "on or about the date of offense shown and in the county named above the defendant named above unlawfully, willfully and feloniously did possess Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), a controlled substance included in Schedule I of the North Carolina Controlled Substances Act."

Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act, North Carolina General Statutes section 90-89, includes, inter alia, the following controlled substances:

(3) Any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following hallucinogenic substances, including their salts, isomers, and salts of isomers, unless specifically excepted, or listed in another schedule, whenever the existence of such salts, isomers, and salts of isomers is possible within the specific chemical designation:

a. 3, 4-methylenedioxyamphetamine.

b. 5-methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine.

c. 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA).

d. 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine (also known as N-ethyl-alpha-methyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy) phenethylamine, N-ethyl MDA, MDE, and MDEA).

e. N-hydroxy-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (also known as N-hydroxy-alpha-methyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy) phenethylamine, and N-hydroxy MDA).

N.C. Gen.Stat. § 90-89(3). In the case sub judice, the indictment alleged possession of "[m]ethylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), a controlled substance included in Schedule I of the North Carolina Controlled Substances Act." No such substance, however, appears in Schedule I.²

In a similar case, United States v. Huff, 512 F.2d 66 (5th Cir.1975), the defendant was charged with two crimes: distribution of "3,4 methylenedioxy amphetamine," a controlled substance pursuant to a statutory schedule of controlled substances, and possession of "methylenedioxy amphetamine," which was not listed on the statutory schedule of controlled substances. The Fifth Circuit stated that while "[t]he addition of the numbers '3,4' would have indeed saved this count, ... we cannot regard this defect as a mere technicality, for the chemical and legal definition of these substances is itself technical and requires precision." Id. at 69. The Fifth Circuit held that the second count failed to charge an offense and reversed the defendant's conviction. In contrast, in Rogers v. State, 599 So.2d 930 (Miss.1992), the Supreme Court of Mississippi upheld an indictment that charged a defendant with distribution of "crystal methamphetamine." Notably, however, the Mississippi controlled substance statute explicitly included as controlled substances "[a]ny substance which contains any quantity of methamphetamine, including its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers[.]" Id. at 933 (emphasis omitted) (quotation omitted). North Carolina's Schedule I, in contrast, does not include any substance which contains any quantity of "methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA)." N.C. Gen.Stat. § 90-89.

Here, as in Huff, the substance listed in Defendant's indictment does not appear in Schedule I of the North Carolina Controlled Substances Act. N.C. Gen.Stat. § 90-89. As a consequence, the indictment must fail, and Defendant's conviction of felonious...