State v. Lyon
| Decision Date | 12 July 1999 |
| Docket Number | No. 41148-9-I,41148-9-I |
| Citation | 979 P.2d 926,96 Wn.App. 447 |
| Court | Washington Court of Appeals |
| Parties | STATE of Washington, Respondent, v. Dale LYON, Appellant. |
David Thiele, Snohomish County Prosecutor Attorney Office, Everett, for Appellant.
Christopher Gibson, Nielsen, Broman & Assoc., PLLC, Seattle, for Respondent.
Dale Lyon's ex-girlfriend, who had allowed him to stay at her residence, found Michael Courtney bludgeoned but still alive inside her home. The police located Lyon the next morning after he was assaulted by two individuals. Lyon agreed to go to the police station to give a statement regarding that morning's assault. After police detectives concluded the interview concerning that assault, they told Lyon that they thought he was involved in an assault on Courtney and that they thought Lyon might have struck Courtney in self-defense. Lyon admitted that he was involved in the assault on Courtney, was advised of his rights, and agreed to provide a tape-recorded statement. Lyon then told the detectives that he struck Courtney with a wooden closet rod. Courtney later died. Lyon was convicted of second degree murder. Lyon appeals, contending that he was entitled to an instruction for second degree assault as a lesser included crime, because there was evidence that another person caused Courtney's death after he left the apartment. We agree that Lyon was entitled to the instruction under the unusual facts of this case. We thus reverse and remand for a new trial.
Dale Lyon's ex-girlfriend had allowed Lyon to stay in her apartment during the preceding three weeks, and mistakenly assumed that Lyon was the injured person she discovered in her apartment when she spoke with the police. After the injured person was later identified as Michael Courtney, the police wanted to locate and interview Lyon.
Lyon was located the next morning when the police were dispatched to investigate a disturbance. Lyon had been assaulted by two individuals, allegedly over his failure to pay for illegal drugs that he took. Lyon was taken to the hospital, where he was contacted by a police detective. Upon his release from the hospital, the detective asked Lyon to go to the police station to give a statement regarding the assault that led to his injuries.
Lyon agreed to go to the police station, and police detectives interviewed Lyon about that morning's assault. After concluding their interview about the assault on Lyon, the detectives left Lyon in the interview room and devised a plan to get him to discuss his whereabouts and activities over the past few days. The detectives then told Lyon that they thought he was involved in an assault on Courtney and that they thought Lyon might have struck Courtney in self-defense. Lyon eventually gave the detectives details about his involvement in the assault on Courtney, was advised of his rights, and agreed to provide a tape-recorded statement. Lyon then admitted he struck Courtney with a wooden closet rod and fled the apartment, hiding from individuals whom he feared were "coming to get me."
Courtney died a few days after Lyon gave his statement to the police. The information against Lyon reads, in part:
COUNT I: SECOND DEGREE MURDER, committed as follows: That the defendant, on or about the 12TH day of MAY, 1996, while committing or attempting to commit the felony crime of SECOND DEGREE ASSAULT, and in the course of or in furtherance of said crime or in immediate flight therefrom, did cause the death of MICHAEL ROERHIG COURTNEY, a human being, not a participant in such crime, said death occurring on or about the 17TH day of MAY, 1996; and that at the time of the commission of the crime, the defendant or an accomplice was armed with a deadly weapon other than a firearm, to wit: a wood closet dowell [sic], as provided and defined in RCW 9.94A.310, and RCW 9.94A.125; proscribed by RCW 9A.32.050(1)(b), a felony.
At trial Lyon presented evidence that another individual came to his ex-girlfriend's apartment and proximately caused the death of Michael Courtney after the initial assault. The trial court refused a defense request to instruct on second degree assault, and the jury found Lyon guilty of second degree murder.
Lyon argues that the trial court erred in refusing to instruct on second degree assault as a lesser included crime of the second degree felony murder charged on the predicate felony of second degree assault. The right to a lesser included offense instruction is, in some cases, a statutory right. 1 The right is based upon RCW 10.61.006, which states that "[i]n all other cases the defendant may be found guilty of an offense the commission of which is necessarily included within that with which he is charged in the indictment or information." 2 Either the defense or the prosecution may request a lesser included offense instruction. 3
State v. Workman 4 set forth a two-pronged test requiring the satisfaction of both legal and factual conditions before a party is entitled to a lesser included offense instruction as a matter of right. Under the legal prong of the Workman test, "each of the elements of the lesser offense must be a necessary element of the offense charged." 5 Under the factual prong of the Workman test, the evidence in the case must support an inference that only the lesser crime was committed. 6 Ordinarily, the factual prong of Workman would not be met in a felony murder case. But here there was evidence from which a jury could conclude that the death resulted from a later, unrelated assault by another person. The State concedes that the factual prong was met here.
In the recent case of State v. Berlin, which reaffirmed the Workman test, our Supreme Court held that the requirements of constitutional notice and the ability to argue the theory of a case both dictate that "lesser included offense analysis is applied to the offenses as charged and prosecuted, rather than to the offenses as they broadly appear in statute." 7 The court rejected statements in earlier cases which held that the correct...
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State v. Gamble
...Berlin, 133 Wash.2d 541, 548, 947 P.2d 700 (1997); State v. Workman, 90 Wash.2d 443, 447-48, 584 P.2d 382 (1978); State v. Lyon, 96 Wash.App. 447, 450, 979 P.2d 926 (1999), review denied, 140 Wash.2d 1003, 999 P.2d 1260 (2000)). This test is commonly referred to as the Workman test. Gamble ......
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In re Personal Restraint of Andress
...right. See Berlin, 133 Wash.2d at 548,947 P.2d 700; State v. Workman, 90 Wash.2d 443, 447-48, 584 P.2d 382 (1978); State v. Lyon, 96 Wash.App. 447, 450, 979 P.2d 926 (1999). Stated somewhat differently, "[i]f the evidence would permit a jury to rationally find a defendant guilty of the less......
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State v. Smith, No. 34149-2-II (Wash. App. 3/20/2007)
...and factual conditions, before determining that a defendant is entitled to a lesser included offense instruction. State v. Lyon, 96 Wn. App. 447, 450, 979 P.2d 926 (1999) (citing State v. Workman, 90 Wn.2d 443, 447-48, 584 P.2d 382 (1978)). Under the legal prong, each of lesser offense's el......
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State v. Nguyen, No. 57942-8-I (Wash. App. 11/13/2007)
...direct appeal in arguing the court should have instructed the jury on the predicate crimes as included offenses. See State v. Lyon, 96 Wn. App. 447, 450, 979 P.2d 926 (1999). As we held in rejecting Tran's claim, Nguyen was not entitled to a lesser included offense instruction because there......