State v. McDowell

• Decision Date: 24 May 2012
• Docket Number: (CC C120639CR; SC S060295).
• Citation: 352 Or. 27,279 P.3d 198
• Parties: STATE of Oregon, Plaintiff–Adverse Party, v. Dylan Charles McDOWELL, Defendant–Relator.
• Court: Oregon Supreme Court

352 Or. 27

279 P.3d 198

STATE of Oregon, Plaintiff–Adverse Party,

v.Dylan Charles McDOWELL, Defendant–Relator.

(CC C120639CR; SC S060295).

Supreme Court of Oregon,

En Banc.

Argued and Submitted May 9, 2012.

Decided May 24, 2012.

Original proceeding in mandamus.^*

Eric M. Buchér, Buchér and Greenspan P.C., Portland, argued the cause and filed the petition for defendant-relator.

Jennifer S. Lloyd, Assistant Attorney General, Salem, argued the cause and filed the memorandum in opposition for the plaintiff-adverse party. With her on the memorandum were John R. Kroger, Attorney General, and Anna M. Joyce, Solicitor General.

LANDAU, J.

Relator, defendant Dylan Charles McDowell, petitioned for a peremptory or alternative writ of mandamus compelling his release pending trial. He contends that he is entitled to release under ORS 136.290, which provides, in part, that a criminal defendant “shall not remain in custody pending commencement of the trial of the defendant more than 60 days after the time of arrest.” According to relator, he was indicted, arrested, and then held more than 60 days, when the state dismissed the charges and released him. Several days later, however, the state reindicted him on the same charges and arrested him again. He contends that the 60–day statutory deadline has run and that the circuit court erred in denying his motion to be released under ORS 136.290. The state contends that the court did not err in denying relator's motion, because the statutory 60–day deadline recommenced upon his rearrest. We agree with relator and issue a peremptory writ of mandamus ordering the trial court to release relator immediately, subject to such terms and conditions as the court deems appropriate.

The relevant facts are not in dispute. On July 24, 2011, relator was arrested for first-degree assault and unlawful use of a weapon arising out of an incident that occurred earlier that day. The following day, he was charged by information in Washington County Circuit Court Case No. C111574CR, and, on August 1, 2011, he was indicted by a grand jury. Trial originally was set for September 21, 2011, but was reset three times, once at the behest of the relator and twice at the behest of the state. The state sought a third reset, but the trial court denied that motion. On March 16, 2012, at the docket call before the scheduled trial date, the state reported that it was not ready to proceed. The trial court dismissed the charges under ORS 136.120,¹ and relator was released from custody.

Four days later, on March 20, 2012, a grand jury indicted relator on the same charges in Washington County Circuit Court Case No. C120639CR, and, on March 24, 2012, relator was arrested on the new indictment. That new indictment charges relator with precisely the same offenses as did the original, based on the same incidents and the same victim.

On April 9, 2012, defendant moved for release under ORS 136.290. Relator argued that he already had been held in custody more than 230 days following his initial arrest, plus an additional 16 days following the second arrest on the same charges. The total, he argued, far exceeds the 60–day limit prescribed by the statute, and “[t]he 60–day rule does not start over by simply recharging a defendant with the same offenses under a new case number.” The trial court denied the motion, concluding that relator's most recent arrest triggered a new 60–day period under the statute.

Relator then filed his petition in this court for a peremptory or alternative writ of mandamus, asserting that ORS 136.290 requires his release and reprising his argument that he has been held in custody well beyond the 60–day limit that the statute imposes. The state responds that, although it is true that the statute provides that a defendant may not be held more than 60 days following “arrest,” the relevant arrest is the most recent one, concerning the indictment on which defendant will actually be tried. Because relator cannot be tried on the earlier indictment, the state argues, the arrest on that indictment is irrelevant, and the more recent arrest triggers a new 60–day period under the statute.

Thus, the question before us is whether the 60–day time limit for pretrial custody provided in ORS 136.290 begins anew when a defendant is released from custody after dismissal of an accusatory instrument, but is charged again with the same crimes in a new accusatory instrument, rearrested, and returned to custody. Our task is to discern what the legislature contemplated in enacting ORS 136.290, examining the text in context and, where appropriate, legislative history and other aids to construction. State v. Gaines, 346 Or. 160, 171–72, 206 P.3d 1042 (2009). Context may include other statutes enacted simultaneously with the statute at issue, see Gaines, 346 Or. at 177 n. 16, 206 P.3d 1042, as well as prior versions of the same statute. Harris and Harris, 349 Or. 393, 402, 244 P.3d 801 (2010).

ORS 136.290 provides:

“(1) Except as provided in ORS 136.295, a defendant shall not remain in custody pending commencement of the trial of the defendant more than 60 days after the time of arrest unless the trial is continued with the express consent of the defendant. Absent the consent of the defendant or an extension under ORS 136.295, the court shall order that the trial of the defendant commence within 60 days after arrest if the state is prepared to proceed to trial.

“(2) If a trial is not commenced within the period required by subsection (1) of this section, the court shall release the defendant on the own recognizance of the defendant, or in the custody of a third party, or upon whatever additional reasonable terms and conditions the court deems just as provided in ORS...